Uniaxial stretching induced pore nucleation and growth in row-nucleated crystalline hard-elastic polypropylene film: The effect of activation volume and stretching work

Polymer ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayi Xie ◽  
Ruijie Xu ◽  
Caihong Lei
Keyword(s):  
Activation Volume ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Polypropylene Film ◽  
Uniaxial Stretching ◽  
Pore Nucleation

scholarly journals In-situ understanding of pore nucleation and growth in polyurethane foams by using real-time synchrotron X-ray tomography

Polymer ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 50-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pérez-Tamarit ◽  
E. Solórzano ◽  
R. Mokso ◽  
M.A. Rodríguez-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pore Nucleation

Formation of Ordered Gas-Solid Structures VIA Solidification in Metal-Hydrogen Systems

1998 ◽  
Vol 521 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Shapovalov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Manufacturing Technology ◽  
Solid Materials ◽  
Pore Nucleation ◽  
Hydrogen Systems

ABSTRACTThis work contains theoretical discussions concerning the large amount of previously published experimental data related to gas eutectic transformations in metal-hydrogen systems. Theories of pore nucleation and growth in these gas-solid materials will be presented and related to observed morphologies and structures. This work is intended to be helpful to theorists that work with metal-hydrogen systems, and experimentalists engaged in manufacturing technology development of these ordered gas-solid structures.

Pore nucleation and growth in n-type Si during its electrochemical etching

2017 ◽  
Vol 473 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Abramova ◽  
A. M. Khort ◽  
A. G. Yakovenko ◽  
D. I. Prokhorov ◽  
V. I. Shvets
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Etching ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Pore Nucleation

AEM analysis of crystallization in Ti-based amorphous alloys

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
A.R. Pelton ◽  
A.F. Marshall ◽  
Y.S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Amorphous Alloys ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Isothermal Annealing ◽  
Amorphous Matrix ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Amorphous Films ◽  
Electrical And Magnetic Properties

Amorphous materials are of current interest due to their desirable mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties. Furthermore, crystallizing amorphous alloys provides an avenue for discerning sequential and competitive phases thus allowing access to otherwise inaccessible crystalline structures. Previous studies have shown the benefits of using AEM to determine crystal structures and compositions of partially crystallized alloys. The present paper will discuss the AEM characterization of crystallized Cu-Ti and Ni-Ti amorphous films.Cu60Ti40: The amorphous alloy Cu60Ti40, when continuously heated, forms a simple intermediate, macrocrystalline phase which then transforms to the ordered, equilibrium Cu3Ti2 phase. However, contrary to what one would expect from kinetic considerations, isothermal annealing below the isochronal crystallization temperature results in direct nucleation and growth of Cu3Ti2 from the amorphous matrix.

Observations oh Nucleation and Growth of Voids in Nickel

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 414-415
Author(s):  
J. L. Brimhall ◽  
H. E. Kissinger ◽  
B. Mastel
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Pure Nickel ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Total Fluence ◽  
Neutron Exposure ◽  
Growth Of Voids

Some information on the size and density of voids that develop in several high purity metals and alloys during irradiation with neutrons at elevated temperatures has been reported as a function of irradiation parameters. An area of particular interest is the nucleation and early growth stage of voids. It is the purpose of this paper to describe the microstructure in high purity nickel after irradiation to a very low but constant neutron exposure at three different temperatures.Annealed specimens of 99-997% pure nickel in the form of foils 75μ thick were irradiated in a capsule to a total fluence of 2.2 × 1019 n/cm2 (E > 1.0 MeV). The capsule consisted of three temperature zones maintained by heaters and monitored by thermocouples at 350, 400, and 450°C, respectively. The temperature was automatically dropped to 60°C while the reactor was down.

Electrochemical nucleation and growth of copper on iron and aluminum: A TEM study of industrial copper cementation

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
L.E. Murr ◽  
V. Annamalai
Keyword(s):  
Metal Surface ◽  
Copper Deposit ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Electrochemical Reactions ◽  
Mine Shaft ◽  
De Re ◽  
Copper Precipitation ◽  
Electrochemical Nucleation ◽  
Interesting System

Georgius Agricola in 1556 in his classical book, “De Re Metallica”, mentioned a strange water drawn from a mine shaft near Schmölnitz in Hungary that eroded iron and turned it into copper. This precipitation (or cementation) of copper on iron was employed as a commercial technique for producing copper at the Rio Tinto Mines in Spain in the 16th Century, and it continues today to account for as much as 15 percent of the copper produced by several U.S. copper companies.In addition to the Cu/Fe system, many other similar heterogeneous, electrochemical reactions can occur where ions from solution are reduced to metal on a more electropositive metal surface. In the case of copper precipitation from solution, aluminum is also an interesting system because of economic, environmental (ecological) and energy considerations. In studies of copper cementation on aluminum as an alternative to the historical Cu/Fe system, it was noticed that the two systems (Cu/Fe and Cu/Al) were kinetically very different, and that this difference was due in large part to differences in the structure of the residual, cement-copper deposit.

Fundamental Research into Thin Films in a Developing Country

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 500-501
Author(s):  
J.A. Eades ◽  
E. Grünbaum
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Empirical Process ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Film Research ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Controlled Deposition ◽  
The One ◽  
The University

In the last decade and a half, thin film research, particularly research into problems associated with epitaxy, has developed from a simple empirical process of determining the conditions for epitaxy into a complex analytical and experimental study of the nucleation and growth process on the one hand and a technology of very great importance on the other. During this period the thin films group of the University of Chile has studied the epitaxy of metals on metal and insulating substrates. The development of the group, one of the first research groups in physics to be established in the country, has parallelled the increasing complexity of the field.The elaborate techniques and equipment now needed for research into thin films may be illustrated by considering the plant and facilities of this group as characteristic of a good system for the controlled deposition and study of thin films.

Growth of hematite by surface oxidation of olivine

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 800-801
Author(s):  
S. McKernan ◽  
C. B. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Thin Foil ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
Annealed Material ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
Natural Olivine ◽  
Approximate Composition ◽  
Second Phases

The oxidation of natural olivine has previously been performed on bulk samples and the reactions followed by preparation of TEM specimens from the annealed material. These results show that below ∼1000°C hematite and amorphous silica are formed, particularly around dislocations. At higher temperatures magnetite and some enstatite-like phase are formed. In both cases the olivine is left almost totally Fe depleted. By performing the oxidation on characterized thin TEM specimens it is possible to obtain more information on the nucleation and growth of the second phases formed. The conditions in a thin foil, however, are very different from those in the bulk especially with regard to surface effects. The nucleation of precipitates in particular may be expected to occur differently in these thin foils than in the bulk.TEM specimens of natural olivine (approximate composition Mg+Fe+Si2o4) which had been annealed at 1000°C for 1 hr were prepared by mechanical polishing and dimpling, followed by Ar ion milling to perforation. The specimens were characterized in the electron microscope and then heated in air in alumina boats to 900°C for between 30 and 180 minutes.

Crystal structure images of large gold clusters and growing crystals by HRTEM

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
L.R. Wallenberg ◽  
J.-O. Bovin ◽  
G. Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Close Packing ◽  
Gold Clusters ◽  
Molecular Weight Determination ◽  
Growth Mechanisms ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Nucleation And Growth Mechanisms ◽  
Points Of View

Metallic clusters are interesting from various points of view, e.g. as a mean of spreading expensive catalysts on a support, or following heterogeneous and homogeneous catalytic events. It is also possible to study nucleation and growth mechanisms for crystals with the cluster as known starting point.Gold-clusters containing 55 atoms were manufactured by reducing (C6H5)3PAuCl with B2H6 in benzene. The chemical composition was found to be Au9.2[P(C6H5)3]2Cl. Molecular-weight determination by means of an ultracentrifuge gave the formula Au55[P(C6H5)3]Cl6 A model was proposed from Mössbauer spectra by Schmid et al. with cubic close-packing of the 55 gold atoms in a cubeoctahedron as shown in Fig 1. The cluster is almost completely isolated from the surroundings by the twelve triphenylphosphane groups situated in each corner, and the chlorine atoms on the centre of the 3x3 square surfaces. This gives four groups of gold atoms, depending on the different types of surrounding.

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