Positioning in spectral measurement dominates estimation performance of internal rot in onion bulbs

AbstractPerformance similarities on tasks requiring the processing of different domains of magnitude (e.g. time, numerosity, and length) have led to the suggestion that humans possess a common processing system for all domains of magnitude (Bueti and Walsh in Philos Trans R Soc B 364:1831–1840, 2009). In light of this, the current study examined whether Wearden’s (Timing Time Percept 3:223–245, 2015) model of the verbal estimation of duration could be applied to verbal estimates of numerosity and length. Students (n = 23) verbally estimated the duration, number, or physical length of items presented in visual displays. Analysis of the mean verbal estimates indicated the data were typical of that found in other studies. Analysis of the frequency of individual verbal estimates produced suggested that the verbal responses were highly quantized for duration and length: that is, only a small number of estimates were used. Responses were also quantized for number but to a lesser degree. The data were modelled using Wearden’s (2015) account of verbal estimation performance, which simulates quantization effects, and good fits could be obtained providing that stimulus durations were scaled as proportions (0.75, 1.06, and 0.92 for duration, number, and length, respectively) of their real magnitudes. The results suggest that despite previous reports of similarities in the processing of magnitude, there appear to be differences in the way in which the underlying representations of the magnitudes are scaled and then transformed into verbal outputs.

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The Effect of Gaseous Ozone Generated by Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge on the Decay and Quality of Stored Onion Bulbs

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11061058 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1058

Author(s):

Junghyun Lim ◽

Jong-Seok Song ◽

Sangheum Eom ◽

Jung Woo Yoon ◽

Sang-Hye Ji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Untreated Control ◽

Color Change ◽

Microbial Reduction ◽

Ozone Exposure ◽

Onion Bulbs ◽

Gaseous Ozone ◽

Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge ◽

Postharvest Loss ◽

High Voltage Discharge

An effective and eco-friendly technology is needed to prevent postharvest loss of onion bulbs during cold storage. This study investigated the effect of gaseous ozone on the decay and quality of onion bulbs during storage at 2 °C and 70% relative humidity for two months. Gaseous ozone was adjusted to a concentration of 1.27 ± 0.024 ppm in the storage room by generating a high voltage discharge in air. After two months of storage, gaseous ozone significantly reduced the counts of aerobic bacteria (e.g., Rahnella aquatilis) and fungi (e.g., yeast and mold) in the onion bulbs by 4 log (CFU g−1) and 0.92 log (CFU g−1) compared with those of an untreated control, respectively. The microbial reduction by gaseous ozone resulted in a lower rotten rate of the onion bulbs, which was less than 20.0% compared with that of the untreated control. Moreover, the ozone exposure extended the storage life of the onion bulbs by delaying its color change and softening during storage. Our results suggest that gaseous ozone can control the decay of onion bulbs safely during storage.

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Channel Estimation Performance Analysis of Massive MIMO IoT Systems with Ricean Fading

IEEE Internet of Things Journal ◽

10.1109/jiot.2020.3033667 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

Pei Liu ◽

Tao Jiang

Keyword(s):

Performance Analysis ◽

Channel Estimation ◽

Massive Mimo ◽

Ricean Fading ◽

Estimation Performance

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Spaceborne Estimation of Leaf Area Index in Cotton, Tomato, and Wheat Using Sentinel-2

Land ◽

10.3390/land10050505 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 505

Author(s):

Gregoriy Kaplan ◽

Offer Rozenstein

Keyword(s):

Water Vapor ◽

Leaf Area Index ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Area Index ◽

Estimation Performance ◽

Red Edge ◽

Sentinel 2

Satellite remote sensing is a useful tool for estimating crop variables, particularly Leaf Area Index (LAI), which plays a pivotal role in monitoring crop development. The goal of this study was to identify the optimal Sentinel-2 bands for LAI estimation and to derive Vegetation Indices (VI) that are well correlated with LAI. Linear regression models between time series of Sentinel-2 imagery and field-measured LAI showed that Sentinel-2 Band-8A—Narrow Near InfraRed (NIR) is more accurate for LAI estimation than the traditionally used Band-8 (NIR). Band-5 (Red edge-1) showed the lowest performance out of all red edge bands in tomato and cotton. A novel finding was that Band 9 (Water vapor) showed a very high correlation with LAI. Bands 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 11, and 12 were saturated at LAI ≈ 3 in cotton and tomato. Bands 6, 7, 8, 8A, and 9 were not saturated at high LAI values in cotton and tomato. The tomato, cotton, and wheat LAI estimation performance of ReNDVI (R2 = 0.79, 0.98, 0.83, respectively) and two new VIs (WEVI (Water vapor red Edge Vegetation Index) (R2 = 0.81, 0.96, 0.71, respectively) and WNEVI (Water vapor narrow NIR red Edge Vegetation index) (R2 = 0.79, 0.98, 0.79, respectively)) were higher than the LAI estimation performance of the commonly used NDVI (R2 = 0.66, 0.83, 0.05, respectively) and other common VIs tested in this study. Consequently, reNDVI, WEVI, and WNEVI can facilitate more accurate agricultural monitoring than traditional VIs.

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INVESTIGATION OF DISEASED ONION BULBS USING DATA PROCESSING OF OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IMAGES

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2012.969.35 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 261-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

S. Landahl ◽

L.A. Terry ◽

H.D. Ford

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Data Processing ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Onion Bulbs ◽

Using Data

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Use of a Durometer to Assess Onion Bulb Hardness

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700008796 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 269-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. F. M. Fennell

Keyword(s):

Tensile Testing ◽

Test Procedure ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Onion Bulb ◽

Tensile Testing Machine ◽

Varietal Differences ◽

Onion Bulbs ◽

Non Destructive

SUMMARYThe use of a durometer to assess hardness of onion bulbs is described, and compared with the use of a tensile testing machine. Results from the two tests were closely correlated, and significant varietal differences were detected in bulb hardness by both machines. The durometer is of particular value because of the simplicity and non-destructive nature of the test procedure.

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