Flock-level risk factors associated with leptospirosis in dairy goats in a semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil

A cross-sectional study based on planned sampling was carried out to determine flock-level risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii antibody prevalence in dairy goat flocks in a semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. Serum samples from 975 adult dairy goats from 110 flocks were examined by indirect immonufluorescent antibody test (IFAT), using cut-off point at 1:64 dilution. From the 110 flocks, 77 presented at least one seropositive animal, corresponding to a prevalence of 70% (95% CI: 60.5-78.4%). Out of the 975 animals, 177 (18.1%; 95% CI = 15.8-20.7%) tested positive. The presence of toxic plants (OR = 5.11; P = 0.045) and the fact that goat breeding is not the main activity on the farm (OR = 3.34; P = 0.014) were identified as risk factors. The results of the present study showed evidence of the presence of T. gondii infection in dairy goats from a semiarid region of northeastern Brazil using planned sampling. Further studies are needed to elucidate the importance of the identified risk factors in the epidemiology of the infection.

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Epidemiological characterization and risk factors associated with leptospirosis and brucellosis in small ruminants sold at animal fair in the Sertão Region of Pernambuco State, a semiarid Region of Northeastern Brazil

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n4p1933 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 1933 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

José Romero Alexandre Alves ◽

Geilson Manoel de Souza Lima ◽

José Dêvede da Silva ◽

Diego Figueiredo da Costa ◽

Fabrine Alexandre dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Management System ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Intensive Management ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Leptospira Spp

The transit of infected animals may be a route for the introduction and dispersal of diseases, which necessitates protocols for the controlled entry of infected animals into herds. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti-Leptospira and anti-Brucella ovis antibodies in small ruminants sold at an animal fair in the Sertão region of the Pernambuco State, Northeastern Brazil, and to identify the possible risk factors associated with seropositivity. Serum samples were collected from 233 goats and 119 sheep, belonging to twelve different owners from November 2014 to June 2015. Diagnosis of Leptospira spp. infection was established using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT); for B. ovis infection, the agar gel immuno-diffusion (AGID) test was conducted. A total of 16/233 (6.87%; 95% CI = 4.27% – 10.83%) goats and 16/119 (13.45%; 95% CI = 8.67% – 21.24%) sheep were identified as seropositive for Leptospira spp. The most frequent serotype was Icterohaemorrhagiae. In goats, intensive management system (odds ratio = 15.8; p < 0.001) and consorted rearing of equines and goats (odds ratio = 7.3; p = 0.005) were identified as risk factors. There were no risk factors identified for sheep. Seven (5.88%; 95% CI = 2.88% – 11.65%) sheep were seropositive for B. ovis, and the intensive management system was identified as the risk factor (odds ratio = 11.5; p = 0.005). This suggests that Leptospira spp. and B. ovis infections occur in small ruminants commercialized in the Sertão region of the Pernambuco State. Thus, improvements to the sanitary conditions of the facilities and the control of synanthropic rodents are recommended.

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FATORES DE RISCO ASSOCIADOS À SOROPREVALÊNCIA DE Neospora caninum EM CAPRINOS LEITEIROS EM UMA REGIÃO SEMI-ÁRIDA DO NORDESTE DO BRASIL / FLOCK-LEVEL RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH Neospora caninum SEROPREVALENCE IN DAIRY GOATS IN A SEMIARID REGION OF ...

Ars Veterinaria ◽

10.15361/2175-0106.2013v29n4p71 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

C. S. A. B. SANTOS ◽

S. S. AZEVEDO ◽

H. S. SOARES ◽

H. F. J. PENA ◽

C. J. ALVES ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Factors Associated

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Serological evidence and risk factors associated with Caprine herpesvirus 1 in dairy goat flocks in a semiarid region of northeastern Brazil

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/1040638712470946 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 125-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Maria L. C. R. Silva ◽

Edviges M. Pituco ◽

Adriana H. C. Nogueira ◽

Maira S. N. Martins ◽

Michele S. Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Dairy Goat ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Serological Evidence ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Herpesvirus 1

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Epidemiological characterization and risk factors associated with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in dairy goats in the Brazilian semiarid region

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n1p267 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 267 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Theonys Diógenes Freitas ◽

Sérgio Santos de Azevedo ◽

Maria Luana Cristiny Rodrigues Silva ◽

Felício Garino Júnior ◽

Carolina De Sousa Américo Batista Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Mycobacterium Avium ◽

Mycobacterium Avium Subsp ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Brazilian Semiarid ◽

Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽

Epidemiological Characterization

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Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Chlamydophila abortus infection in dairy goats in the Northeast of Brazil

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2012001100002 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 32 (11) ◽

pp. 1082-1086 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Carolina S.A.B. Santos ◽

Rosa M. Piatti ◽

Sérgio S. Azevedo ◽

Clebert J. Alves ◽

Severino S.S. Higino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Blood Collection ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chlamydophila Abortus ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Seropositive Animal

Few data are available on the prevalence and risk factors of Chlamydophila abortus infection in goats in Brazil. A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the flock-level prevalence of C. abortus infection in goats from the semiarid region of the Paraíba State, Northeast region of Brazil, as well as to identify risk factors associated with the infection. Flocks were randomly selected and a pre-established number of female goats > 12 mo old were sampled in each of these flocks. A total of 975 serum samples from 110 flocks were collected, and structured questionnaire focusing on risk factors for C. abortus infection was given to each farmer at the time of blood collection. For the serological diagnosis the complement fixation test (CFT) using C. abortus S26/3 strain as antigen was performed. The flock-level factors for C. abortus prevalence were tested using multivariate logistic regression model. Fifty-five flocks out of 110 presented at least one seropositive animal with an overall prevalence of 50.0% (95%; CI: 40.3%, 59.7%). Ninety-one out of 975 dairy goats examined were seropositive with titers >32, resulting in a frequency of 9.3%. Lend buck for breeding (odds ratio = 2.35; 95% CI: 1.04-5.33) and history of abortions (odds ratio = 3.06; 95% CI: 1.37-6.80) were associated with increased flock prevalence.

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Risk factors associated with leptospirosis in dairy goats under tropical conditions in Brazil

Research in Veterinary Science ◽

10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.03.011 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 84 (1) ◽

pp. 14-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Walter Lilenbaum ◽

Renato Varges ◽

Luciana Medeiros ◽

Ana Gabriela Cordeiro ◽

Amanda Cavalcanti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Tropical Conditions

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β-lactam resistance in bacteria associated with subclinical mastitis in goats in Thika Subcounty, Kenya

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2020.1448-1456 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1448-1456

Author(s):

Irene Mkavi Okoko ◽

Naomi Maina ◽

Daniel Kiboi ◽

John Kagira

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Penicillin G ◽

Confirmatory Test ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Synergy Test

Aim: This study determined the resistance pattern to β-lactam antibiotics of bacteria isolated from goats with subclinical mastitis in Thika subcounty, Kenya. We also administered a questionnaire to assess the risk factors associated with the occurrence of resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Materials and Methods: We collected milk samples from 110 lactating dairy goats in Thika subcounty to screen for subclinical mastitis using the California mastitis test. Bacterial isolation and identification were performed according to colony morphology, the hemolytic pattern on sheep blood agar, lactose fermentation on MacConkey plates, Gram staining, and standard biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined by the agar disk diffusion method using penicillin G, cephalexin, cefoxitin, and cefotaxime antibiotic disks. The double-disk synergy test using amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was employed as a confirmatory test for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production. Fisher's exact test was used to determine the risk factors associated with the occurrence of antibiotic resistance (p≤0.05 was considered significant). Results: Of the 110 dairy goats sampled, 72.7% (80) were positive for subclinical mastitis. Isolation and identification of the bacteria from the positive samples yielded 149 bacteria isolates, including Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter spp., Yersinia spp., coagulase-negative staphylococci, and Escherichia coli. A high percentage (76.5%, 114/149) of the bacterial isolates was resistant to at least one of the tested antibiotics. At least 56/106 isolates (52.8%) showing cross-resistance to the β-lactam antibiotics were resistant to all four of the tested antibiotics, while only one isolate was resistant to three antibiotics (penicillin G, cephalexin, and cefoxitin). The double-disk synergy test confirmed that none of the isolates possessed ESBLs. Pre- and post-milking practices (p=0.0336) were found to be significantly associated with the occurrence of antibiotic resistance. Conclusion: A large proportion of the goats in our study cohort were infected with β-lactam-resistant bacteria associated with subclinical mastitis. Because the identified bacteria are of zoonotic importance, further studies should be undertaken to determine the transmission dynamics between humans and livestock and to identify novel intervention strategies.

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Cross-sectional survey for canine leptospirosis in an Atlantic Rainforest area of the semiarid of Paraíba state, Northeastern Brazil

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6640 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

Author(s):

Maria G.S. Bernardino ◽

Diego F. Costa ◽

Denise B. Nogueira ◽

Maria L.C.R. Silva ◽

Edijanio G. Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Wide Distribution ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Free Access ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Leptospira Spp

ABSTRACT: Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by the bacteria Leptospira spp. that affects humans, domestic and wild animals. The present work aimed to conduct a cross-sectional survey for leptospirosis in the canine population of the Brejo Paraibano microregion, semiarid of Northeastern Brazil. From May to October 2017, blood samples from 414 dogs were collected in the counties of Alagoa Grande (n=100), Areia (n=79), Bananeiras (n=72), Alagoa Nova (n=73), Serrraria (n=25), Pilões (n=25), Borborema (n=20) and Matinhas (n=20). The tutors of the sampled dogs answered an epidemiological questionnaire, obtaining information about the animals, owner, residence and breeding of the dogs. Subsequently, the serum samples were subjected to the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), using a collection of 23 serovar pathogenic antigens and using the 1:50 dilution as the cutoff point. Of the 414 dogs analyzed 52 were seroreactive, resulting in an apparent prevalence of 12.6% and a real prevalence of 12.2%. Seroreactive dogs were found in the eight counties. Dogs were reactive for the serogroups Icterohaemorrhagiae (76.9%), Autumnalis (13.55%), Pomona (3.8%), Grippotyphosa (3.8%) and Serjoe (1.9%) Antibody titers ranged from 50 to 800. The statistical analysis (robust Poisson regression) detected six factors associated with seropositivity, including the rainy season (prevalence ratio; PR=1.94, P=0.013), male dogs (PR=2.10, P=0.005), animals with age greater than five years (PR=4.21, P=0.012), consumption of untreated water (PR=1.87, P=0.043), free access of dogs to street (PR=2.15, P=0.011) and contact with wildlife (PR=3.54, P=0.050). The serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae has a high zoonotic potential and was the most frequent in seropositive animals. The high real prevalence of Leptospira spp. in a transmission region of the semiarid region of Paraíba and the occurrence of seroreactive animals in all the counties suggest wide distribution of the infection and reinforce the need for preventive measures to avoid infection in pets and, consequently, to humans. The analysis of factors associated with the prevalence suggest greater manegment cares with the dogs.

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