Added value of ionic liquids in a biocatalytic process: an automatic approach

In the present research work, four membranes supported with ionic liquids (SILMs) were synthesized to be evaluated in the CO2 separation from the CO2/N2 mixture. As for the ionic liquids, two of them were functionalized with an amino group at the cationic part, 1-(2-aminoethyl)-3-methylimidazolium triflate ([AEMIm]Tf) and 1-(2-aminoethyl)-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([AEMIm]BF4), the third and fourth ionic liquids possessed the amino group at the anionic part, trioctylmethylammonium anthranilate ([TOMA]An) and triethylmethylammonium oleate ([TOMA]Ol). The chemical structure of the ionic liquids was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies; the thermal properties were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and density was measured with a pycnometer. The impregnation degree and distribution of the ionic liquids in an alumina tubular support were established by means of scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The transport properties of the gases were evaluated by the variable volume method using pure gases and their mixtures with a 50/50 volumetric ratio at 30 °C and 1, 2 and 3 bar. The SILM [TOMA]An showed the highest selectivity (70) and the best permselectivity balance, surpassing the limits in the Robeson plot. The SILMs with amino groups reacted with CO2 to obtain the carbamate chemical group. The thermal stability and infrared studies suggest that this group is stable even after the beginning of the decomposition process of the ionic liquid. In order to provide an added value to the use of CO2, a lettuce hydroponic greenhouse was enriched with this gas, observing an accelerated growing effect.

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Biocatalytic Process Optimization for the Production of High-Added-Value 6-O-Hydroxy and 3-O-Hydroxy Glycosyl Building Blocks

ChemCatChem ◽

10.1002/cctc.201601632 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (13) ◽

pp. 2536-2543 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ciara Callaghan ◽

Martin Redmond ◽

Robson Carlos Alnoch ◽

Cesar Mateo ◽

Marco Filice ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Process Optimization ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Added Value ◽

Biocatalytic Process

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A Presentation of Ionic Liquids as Lubricants: Some Critical Comments

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11125677 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 5677

Author(s):

Pietro Calandra ◽

Elisabeta I. Szerb ◽

Domenico Lombardo ◽

Vincenzo Algieri ◽

Antonio De Nino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquid ◽

Ionic Liquids ◽

Electrostatic Interactions ◽

High Viscosity ◽

Point Of View ◽

Added Value ◽

Intrinsic Nature ◽

Aggregation Pattern ◽

New Ideas ◽

Traditional Pattern

Ionic liquids (ILs) are liquid materials at room temperature with an ionic intrinsic nature. The electrostatic interactions therefore play a pivotal role in dictating their inner structure, which is then expected to be far from the traditional pattern of classical simple liquids. Therefore, the strength of such interactions and their long-range effects are responsible for the ionic liquid high viscosity, a fact that itself suggests their possible use as lubricants. More interestingly, the possibility to establish a wide scenario of possible interactions with solid surfaces constitutes a specific added value in this use. In this framework, the ionic liquid complex molecular structure and the huge variety of possible interactions cause a complex aggregation pattern which can depend on the presence of the solid surface itself. Although there is plenty of literature focusing on the lubricant properties of ionic liquids and their applications, the aim of this contribution is, instead, to furnish to the reader a panoramic view of this exciting problematic, commenting on interesting and speculative aspects which are sometimes neglected in standard works and trying to furnish an enriched vision of the topic. The present work constitutes an easy-to-read critical point of view which tries to interact with the imagination of readers, hopefully leading to the discovery of novel aspects and interconnections and ultimately stimulating new ideas and research.

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The Added Value of Graphical Input and Display for Electron Lens Design

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100179701 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 190-191

Author(s):

B. Lencova ◽

G. Wisselink

Keyword(s):

Flux Density ◽

Numerical Data ◽

Added Value ◽

Lens Design ◽

Step Size ◽

Magnetic Lens ◽

Flux Lines ◽

Fine Mesh ◽

Electron Lens ◽

User Friendly

Recent progress in computer technology enables the calculation of lens fields and focal properties on commonly available computers such as IBM ATs. If we add to this the use of graphics, we greatly increase the applicability of design programs for electron lenses. Most programs for field computation are based on the finite element method (FEM). They are written in Fortran 77, so that they are easily transferred from PCs to larger machines.The design process has recently been made significantly more user friendly by adding input programs written in Turbo Pascal, which allows a flexible implementation of computer graphics. The input programs have not only menu driven input and modification of numerical data, but also graphics editing of the data. The input programs create files which are subsequently read by the Fortran programs. From the main menu of our magnetic lens design program, further options are chosen by using function keys or numbers. Some options (lens initialization and setting, fine mesh, current densities, etc.) open other menus where computation parameters can be set or numerical data can be entered with the help of a simple line editor. The "draw lens" option enables graphical editing of the mesh - see fig. I. The geometry of the electron lens is specified in terms of coordinates and indices of a coarse quadrilateral mesh. In this mesh, the fine mesh with smoothly changing step size is calculated by an automeshing procedure. The options shown in fig. 1 allow modification of the number of coarse mesh lines, change of coordinates of mesh points or lines, and specification of lens parts. Interactive and graphical modification of the fine mesh can be called from the fine mesh menu. Finally, the lens computation can be called. Our FEM program allows up to 8000 mesh points on an AT computer. Another menu allows the display of computed results stored in output files and graphical display of axial flux density, flux density in magnetic parts, and the flux lines in magnetic lenses - see fig. 2. A series of several lens excitations with user specified or default magnetization curves can be calculated and displayed in one session.

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Preliminary Findings on the Use of Session Questionnaires to Improve Clinician-Client Alliance With Special Consideration to Clinical Education

Perspectives on Administration and Supervision ◽

10.1044/aas25.1.50 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 50-60

Author(s):

Anu Subramanian

Keyword(s):

Graduate Students ◽

Clinical Education ◽

Clinical Decision Making ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Treatment Effectiveness ◽

Clinical Decision ◽

Added Value ◽

Therapeutic Outcomes ◽

Specific Feedback ◽

Stakeholder Perspective

ASHA's focus on evidence-based practice (EBP) includes the family/stakeholder perspective as an important tenet in clinical decision making. The common factors model for treatment effectiveness postulates that clinician-client alliance positively impacts therapeutic outcomes and may be the most important factor for success. One strategy to improve alliance between a client and clinician is the use of outcome questionnaires. In the current study, eight parents of toddlers who attended therapy sessions at a university clinic responded to a session outcome questionnaire that included both rating scale and descriptive questions. Six graduate students completed a survey that included a question about the utility of the questionnaire. Results indicated that the descriptive questions added value and information compared to using only the rating scale. The students were varied in their responses regarding the effectiveness of the questionnaire to increase their comfort with parents. Information gathered from the questionnaire allowed for specific feedback to graduate students to change behaviors and created opportunities for general discussions regarding effective therapy techniques. In addition, the responses generated conversations between the client and clinician focused on clients' concerns. Involving the stakeholder in identifying both effective and ineffective aspects of therapy has advantages for clinical practice and education.

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