The Added Value of Graphical Input and Display for Electron Lens Design

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-191
Author(s):  
B. Lencova ◽  
G. Wisselink
Keyword(s):  
Flux Density ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Lens Design ◽  
Step Size ◽  
Magnetic Lens ◽  
Flux Lines ◽  
Fine Mesh ◽  
Electron Lens ◽  
User Friendly

Recent progress in computer technology enables the calculation of lens fields and focal properties on commonly available computers such as IBM ATs. If we add to this the use of graphics, we greatly increase the applicability of design programs for electron lenses. Most programs for field computation are based on the finite element method (FEM). They are written in Fortran 77, so that they are easily transferred from PCs to larger machines.The design process has recently been made significantly more user friendly by adding input programs written in Turbo Pascal, which allows a flexible implementation of computer graphics. The input programs have not only menu driven input and modification of numerical data, but also graphics editing of the data. The input programs create files which are subsequently read by the Fortran programs. From the main menu of our magnetic lens design program, further options are chosen by using function keys or numbers. Some options (lens initialization and setting, fine mesh, current densities, etc.) open other menus where computation parameters can be set or numerical data can be entered with the help of a simple line editor. The "draw lens" option enables graphical editing of the mesh - see fig. I. The geometry of the electron lens is specified in terms of coordinates and indices of a coarse quadrilateral mesh. In this mesh, the fine mesh with smoothly changing step size is calculated by an automeshing procedure. The options shown in fig. 1 allow modification of the number of coarse mesh lines, change of coordinates of mesh points or lines, and specification of lens parts. Interactive and graphical modification of the fine mesh can be called from the fine mesh menu. Finally, the lens computation can be called. Our FEM program allows up to 8000 mesh points on an AT computer. Another menu allows the display of computed results stored in output files and graphical display of axial flux density, flux density in magnetic parts, and the flux lines in magnetic lenses - see fig. 2. A series of several lens excitations with user specified or default magnetization curves can be calculated and displayed in one session.

On the magnetic electron lens of minimum sphrical aberration

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-25
Author(s):  
S. Suzuki ◽  
A. Ishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Lens Design ◽  
Magnetic Lens ◽  
Initial Voltage ◽  
Path Distance ◽  
Electron Lens ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Magnetic Electron

For the development of the electron microscope, in which high resolving power is demanded, it is important to construct an electron objective lens with minimum spherical aberration.In 1943, one of the authors published the paper on the approximate calculation of the electromagnetic field to give a minimum spherical aberration and also published the papers on small spherical aberration lens design based on this calculation.We will speak a comparison between the experimental results and the numerical calculations in practical cases.The following line shows the method to get more strictly minimum spherical aberration of magnetic lens.In a space charge free electron optical system, where a pure magnetic lens is concerned, differential equation for paraxial electron path is given byU being the initial voltage applied to the electron beam and γ the path distance from the optical axis Z.

The added value of European collaboration to improve the uptake of best practices

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Maassen ◽  
C Sostongs
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Intervention Selection ◽  
European Collaboration ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
User Friendly

Abstract In 2019, members of the EuroHealthNet Partnership established the first Thematic Working Group on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Programme Registers with the intention of becoming 'the competence engine for Programme Registers in Europe.' The group's objectives include to exchange experience, to initiate joint projects, to identify and further develop common topics relevant to Programme Registers, and to share findings in scientific papers and international conferences. Through such activities, the group builds the foundation for a more systematic and scientific European approach to translating evidence into practice and provides a forum for liaison and exchange between EU Member States, the European Commission, and international partners. Programme registers are only as relevant as they are influential in professionals' and policy makers' decision-making around intervention selection. Facilitating uptake of best practices requires an understanding of incentives, disincentives and decision-making processes, as well as how to make the programme registers more prominent and user-friendly. Outcomes from the 2020 Working Group meeting in Cologne will be presented, including case studies from across Europe, as well as recommendations to improve the uptake of best practices, tailored to portals at different stages of development.

scholarly journals COUSIN (COdon Usage Similarity INdex): A Normalized Measure of Codon Usage Preferences

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3523-3528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Bourret ◽  
Samuel Alizon ◽  
Ignacio G Bravo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Codon Usage ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Synonymous Codons ◽  
User Friendly

Abstract Codon Usage Preferences (CUPrefs) describe the unequal usage of synonymous codons at the gene, chromosome, or genome levels. Numerous indices have been developed to evaluate CUPrefs, either in absolute terms or with respect to a reference. We introduce the normalized index COUSIN (for COdon Usage Similarity INdex), that compares the CUPrefs of a query against those of a reference and normalizes the output over a Null Hypothesis of random codon usage. The added value of COUSIN is to be easily interpreted, both quantitatively and qualitatively. An eponymous software written in Python3 is available for local or online use (http://cousin.ird.fr). This software allows for an easy and complete analysis of CUPrefs via COUSIN, includes seven other indices, and provides additional features such as statistical analyses, clustering, and CUPrefs optimization for gene expression. We illustrate the flexibility of COUSIN and highlight its advantages by analyzing the complete coding sequences of eight divergent genomes. Strikingly, COUSIN captures a bimodal distribution in the CUPrefs of human and chicken genes hitherto unreported with such precision. COUSIN opens new perspectives to uncover CUPrefs specificities in genomes in a practical, informative, and user-friendly way.

scholarly journals Using a mentorship model to localise the Practical Approach to Care Kit (PACK): from South Africa to Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (Suppl 5) ◽  
pp. e001079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajibola Awotiwon ◽  
Charlie Sword ◽  
Tracy Eastman ◽  
Christy Joy Ras ◽  
Prince Ana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Health Systems Strengthening ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Continuous Learning ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
User Friendly

Nigeria, in its quest to strengthen its primary healthcare system, is faced with a number of challenges including a shortage of clinicians and skills. Methods are being sought to better equip primary healthcare clinicians for the clinical demands that they face. Using a mentorship model between developers in South Africa and Nigerian clinicians, the Practical Approach to Care Kit (PACK) for adult patients, a health systems strengthening programme, has been localised and piloted in 51 primary healthcare facilities in three Nigerian states. Lessons learnt from this experience include the value of this remote model of localisation for rapid localisation, the importance of early, continuous stakeholder engagement, the need expressed by Nigeria’s primary healthcare clinicians for clinical guidance that is user friendly and up-to-date, a preference for the tablet version of the PACK Adult guide over hard copies and the added value of WhatsApp groups to complement the programme of face-to-face continuous learning. Introduction of the PACK programme in Nigeria prompted uptake of evidence-informed recommendations within primary healthcare services.

Nonlinear Calculation of Active Magnetic Bearings Dynamic Magnetic Field by Finite Element Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 392 ◽  
pp. 285-289
Author(s):  
Guo Ping Ding ◽  
Bin Gao
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Eddy Current ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Magnetic Bearings ◽  
Active Magnetic Bearings ◽  
Flux Lines ◽  
Source Current ◽  
Dynamic Magnetic Field

Active magnetic bearings open-loop instability makes the features of dynamic magnetic field crucial to the control performance. We presented a nonlinear calculation of AMBs dynamic magnetic field by FEM. Firstly, we constructed a AMBs dynamic field FEM model considering the magnets nonlinear permeability; Secondly, we applied a harmonic current to the coils through 160 load steps and a zero magnetic potential boundary condition; Finally the field was solved and magnetic flux lines, air gap flux density and eddy current density were retrieved and analyzed. Because of the nonlinearity of eddy current, air gap flux density is not standard harmonic and lags behind the source current,and as magnetizing energy equalizes eddy current losses, air gap flux density approaches harmonic.

scholarly journals The Ascendency of Numerical Methods in Lens Design

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald C. Dilworth
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Lens Design ◽  
Theoretical Understanding

Advancement in physics often results from analyzing numerical data and then creating a theoretical model that can explain and predict those data.  In the field of lens design, the reverse is true: longstanding theoretical understanding is being overtaken by more powerful numerical methods.

A laddering study of motivational complexities in mobile shopping

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha Eun Park ◽  
Sheau Fen Crystal Yap ◽  
Marian Makkar
Keyword(s):  
Personal Values ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Internal Conflicts ◽  
Mobile Shopping ◽  
Hierarchical Value Map ◽  
User Friendly

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to uncover the motivational tensions underlying mobile shopping (m-shopping) behaviours. The authors focus on consumer motivations and the pursuit of life end goals with respect to m-shopping. Design/methodology/approach Based on the means-end chain theory, hard-laddering approach was used to elicit associations between attributes, consequences and values from 251 online participants. Content analysis was used to develop a hierarchical value map “mapping” these associations to uncover underlying values for m-shopping. Findings Mobile shoppers are motivated by their self-actualisation needs (self-focused) and/or social needs (other-focused). Participants’ response contradictions reflected internal complexities and ambivalences during their purchasing decisions. Decisions are based on their concerns around security, time, technological or financial. Practical implications This study provides managerial insights into retail marketing and strategies. Marketers should consider creating user-friendly applications by researching the customer journey experience, heightening security measures and ensuring that added-value offers are clearly communicated to meet consumers’ personal values and motivations. Originality/value The paper presents an original conceptual contribution of personal values related to m-shopping as desires for self-empowerment, altruism and relationships with others, self-fulfilment and hedonism and possible consumer internal conflicts.

CFOSAT wave spectra joining the family of L2P-L3 CMEMS Wave products!

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabelle Ollivier ◽  
Gerald Dibarboure ◽  
Romain Husson ◽  
Gael Goimard ◽  
Daniele Hauser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Criteria ◽  
New Product ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Wave Spectra ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Family ◽  
Valid Data ◽  
Directional Wave ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Selection Of

<p>SWIM CFOSAT innovative instrument has already shown its reliability and data quality interest through several publications since its launch in end 2018. Its nadir data are delivered to CMEMS since July 2019 in a L2P/L3. Similarly to other nadir missions AltiKa, Jason3, HY2B, S3…,  these easy to use products are based on a selection of valid data from quality criteria, and bias alignment to buoys networks. They are provided in near real time (3h) and with a 1Hz sampling.</p><p>In 2021, the CFOSAT project team is happy to provide to CMEMS, in addition to the mission full products, a  user friendly product, with preselected valid datasets of directional wave spectra and related parameters, and additional information directly derived from the calval expertises upstream. Thanks to it, non expert users should be able to have a simple access to this new product and easy compare it to SAR Wavemode L3 products already in the CMEMS catalogue.</p><p>This presentation is a user friendly approach to describe the added value, the future improvements planned and the potential of such product for non experts applications.</p>

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