Contextual information in situations of uncertainty: The value of explicit-information provision depends on expertise level, knowledge acquisition and prior-action congruency

2021 ◽  
pp. 102109
Author(s):  
Lukas Magnaguagno ◽  
Stephan Zahno ◽  
Ralf Kredel ◽  
Ernst-Joachim Hossner
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Explicit Information ◽  
Expertise Level ◽  
Prior Action

scholarly journals The explanatory coexistence of scientific and supernatural explanations: A meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Dimitris Pnevmatikos ◽  
Triantafyllia Georgiadou
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Origins Of Life ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
Average Effect ◽  
Scientific Expertise ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Supernatural Explanations

The explanatory coexistence of scientific and supernatural explanations in the same mind challenges the most influential theories of knowledge acquisition in psychology. It shows that although individuals acquire the scientific theories, the supernatural explanations are also used as causal explanatory frameworks even by experts. The present review and meta-analysis aimed to explore the factors that could influence the coexistence of supernatural and scientific explanatory frameworks in the concepts of the origins of life, illness and death/afterlife. On the basis of 35 identified articles (45 studies) that have been published between 1985 and 2016 and that examined both scientific and supernatural explanations within these concepts, the impact of age, religiousness, scientific expertise, cultural background and contextual factors was explored. Results suggest that although religiousness, cultural background, and contextual information have a large effect on the concepts of death/afterlife, illness and the origins of life respectively, the magnitude of the average effect depends on the concept.

scholarly journals Effects of Social Constructivist Mobile Learning Environments on Knowledge Acquisition: A Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ouiame Filali Marzouki ◽  
Mohammed Khalidi Idrissi ◽  
Samir Bennani
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Learning Environments ◽  
Mobile Learning ◽  
Social Constructivism ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Social Constructivist ◽  
Learning Context ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Expertise Level

This meta-analysis has two aims: a) to address the main effects of social constructivist mobile learning environments on learners’ knowledge acquisition and their academic achievements b) to address potential factors regarding design principles and instructional methods for successful social constructivist mobile environments in a blended learning context. We selected 24 articles that meet the inclusion criteria: empirical studies implementing mobile learning in a blended environment using social constructivism approach. The selected studies are not identical in terms of instructional strategies, tools and devices, period and student’s expertise level. These factors lead to variations in the magnitude of the effect sizes. The review reveals that there is a positive effect of mobile learning on the knowledge acquisition, learners’ achievements, attitudes and motivation despite the high cognitive load. This is shown through the combined effect size. A last remarkable finding related to retention is that students in such environments fulfill their academic tests, but remember less the acquired knowledge after a retention period.

Proximal deep venous thrombosis following PTA of the superficial femoral artery – an obligation to disclose a complication that is rarely taken into account

VASA ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klein-Weigel ◽  
Pillokat ◽  
Klemens ◽  
Köning ◽  
Wolbergs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Superficial Femoral Artery ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Explicit Information ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Legal Consequences

We report two cases of femoral vein thrombosis after arterial PTA and subsequent pressure stasis. We discuss the legal consequences of these complications for information policies. Because venous thrombembolism following an arterial PTA might cause serious sequel or life threatening complications, there is a clear obligation for explicit information of the patients about this rare complication.

The Distinction between Linguistic and Conceptual Semantics in Medical Terminology and its Implication for NLP-Based Knowledge Acquisition

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (04/05) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Buekens ◽  
G. De Moor ◽  
A. Waagmeester ◽  
W. Ceusters
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Natural Language Understanding ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Medical Terminology ◽  
Language Understanding ◽  
Conceptual Semantics

AbstractNatural language understanding systems have to exploit various kinds of knowledge in order to represent the meaning behind texts. Getting this knowledge in place is often such a huge enterprise that it is tempting to look for systems that can discover such knowledge automatically. We describe how the distinction between conceptual and linguistic semantics may assist in reaching this objective, provided that distinguishing between them is not done too rigorously. We present several examples to support this view and argue that in a multilingual environment, linguistic ontologies should be designed as interfaces between domain conceptualizations and linguistic knowledge bases.

A Medieval Burial from Graham Street, Leith, Edinburgh

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-169
Author(s):  
Paul R. J. Duffy ◽  
Olivia Lelong
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Information ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Housing Development ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Archaeological Excavation ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Research Division ◽  
The North ◽  
The Individual

Summary An archaeological excavation was carried out at Graham Street, Leith, Edinburgh by Glasgow University Archaeological Research Division (GUARD) as part of the Historic Scotland Human Remains Call-off Contract following the discovery of human remains during machine excavation of a foundation trench for a new housing development. Excavation demonstrated that the burial was that of a young adult male who had been interred in a supine position with his head orientated towards the north. Radiocarbon dates obtained from a right tibia suggest the individual died between the 15th and 17th centuries AD. Little contextual information exists in documentary or cartographic sources to supplement this scant physical evidence. Accordingly, it is difficult to further refine the context of burial, although a possible link with a historically attested siege or a plague cannot be discounted.

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