scholarly journals Psychological impact of infectious disease outbreaks on pregnant women: rapid evidence review

Public Health ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
S.K. Brooks ◽  
D. Weston ◽  
N. Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Evidence Review

scholarly journals Psychological impact of infectious disease outbreaks on pregnant women: Rapid evidence review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha K. Brooks ◽  
Dale Weston ◽  
Neil Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks

AbstractInfectious disease outbreaks can be distressing for everyone, especially so for those deemed to be particularly vulnerable, such as pregnant women who have been named a high-risk group in the current COVID-19 pandemic. This rapid review aimed to summarise existing literature on the psychological impact of infectious disease outbreaks on women who were pregnant at the time of the outbreak. In April 2020 five databases were searched for relevant literature and main findings were extracted. Thirteen papers were included in the review. The following themes were identified: negative emotional states; living with uncertainty; concerns about infection; concerns about and uptake of prophylaxis or treatment; disrupted routines; non-pharmaceutical protective behaviours; social support; demands from others; financial and occupational concerns; disrupted expectations of birth, prenatal care and postnatal care, and; sources of information. Results showed that pregnant women have unique needs during infectious disease outbreaks and could benefit from: up-to-date, consistent information and guidance; appropriate support and advice from healthcare professionals, particularly with regards to the risks and benefits of prophylaxis and treatment; virtual support groups, and; designating locations or staff specifically for pregnant women.

scholarly journals Factors affecting healthcare workers’ compliance with social and behavioural infection control measures during emerging infectious disease outbreaks: rapid evidence review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e049857
Author(s):  
Samantha K Brooks ◽  
N Greenberg ◽  
Simon Wessely ◽  
G J Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Emerging Infectious Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Evidence Review

ObjectiveThe 2019–2020 outbreak of novel coronavirus has raised concerns about nosocomial transmission. This review’s aim was to explore the existing literature on emerging infectious disease outbreaks to identify factors associated with compliance with infection control measures among healthcare staff.MethodsA rapid evidence review for primary studies relevant to healthcare workers’ compliance with infection control measures.ResultsFifty-six papers were reviewed. Staff working in emergency or intensive care settings or with contact with confirmed cases appeared more likely to comply with recommendations. There was some evidence that anxiety and concern about the risk of infection were more associated with compliance, and that monitoring from superiors could improve compliance. Observed non-compliance of colleagues could hinder compliance. Staff identified many barriers to compliance related to personal protective equipment, including availability, perceived difficulty and effectiveness, inconvenience, discomfort and a negative impact on patient care. There were many issues regarding the communication and ease of understanding of infection control guidance.ConclusionWe recommend provision of training and education tailored for different occupational roles within the healthcare setting, managerial staff ‘leading by example’, ensuring adequate resources for infection control and timely provision of practical evidence-based infection control guidelines.

scholarly journals The impact of unplanned school closure on children’s social contact: rapid evidence review

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha K Brooks ◽  
Louise E Smith ◽  
Rebecca K Webster ◽  
Dale Weston ◽  
Lisa Woodland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
School Closure ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Evidence Review ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
The Impact

Background Emergency school closures are often used as public health interventions during infectious disease outbreaks to minimise the spread of infection. However, if children continue mixing with others outside the home during closures, the effect of these measures may be limited. Aim This review aimed to summarise existing literature on children’s activities and contacts made outside the home during unplanned school closures. Methods In February 2020, we searched four databases, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Embase and Web of Science, from inception to 5 February 2020 for papers published in English or Italian in peer-reviewed journals reporting on primary research exploring children’s social activities during unplanned school closures. Main findings were extracted. Results A total of 3,343 citations were screened and 19 included in the review. Activities and social contacts appeared to decrease during closures, but contact remained common. All studies reported children leaving the home or being cared for by non-household members. There was some evidence that older child age (two studies) and parental disagreement (two studies) with closure were predictive of children leaving the home, and mixed evidence regarding the relationship between infection status and such. Parental agreement with closure was generally high, but some disagreed because of perceived low risk of infection and issues regarding childcare and financial impact. Conclusion Evidence suggests that many children continue to leave home and mix with others during school closures despite public health recommendations to avoid social contact. This review of behaviour during unplanned school closures could be used to improve infectious disease modelling.

scholarly journals Factors affecting healthcare workers’ compliance with social and behavioural infection control measures during emerging infectious disease outbreaks: Rapid evidence review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha K. Brooks ◽  
Neil Greenberg ◽  
Simon Wessely ◽  
G. James Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Emerging Infectious Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Nosocomial Transmission ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Improve Compliance ◽  
Evidence Review

AbstractThe 2019-2020 outbreak of novel coronavirus has raised concerns about nosocomial transmission; that is, transmission within healthcare settings. Research from previous outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases suggests a major cause of nosocomial transmission is healthcare professionals’ poor compliance with recommended personal protective behaviours. This rapid evidence review explored existing literature on emerging infectious disease outbreaks to identify factors associated with compliance with social and behavioural infection control measures among healthcare staff. 56 papers were reviewed and several positive associations were found: Staff working in emergency or intensive care settings appeared more likely to comply with recommendations than those in other settings, and there was some evidence that contact with confirmed cases could improve compliance. There was some evidence that staff with higher levels of anxiety and higher concern about the risk of infection were more likely to comply with recommended behaviour, and that monitoring from superiors could improve compliance. Several negative associations were also found. Observed non-compliance of colleagues could hinder compliance. Staff identified many barriers to compliance related to personal protective equipment, including availability; perceived difficulty and effectiveness; inconvenience; discomfort; and a negative impact on patient care. There appeared to be many issues regarding the communication and ease of understanding of infection control guidance. Based on the results of this review we recommend provision of training and education tailored for different occupational roles within the healthcare setting; managerial staff ‘leading by example’; ensuring adequate resources for infection control; and timely provision of practical evidence-based infection control guidelines.

scholarly journals Infectious disease outbreaks in the African region: overview of events reported to the World Health Organization in 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Mboussou ◽  
P. Ndumbi ◽  
R. Ngom ◽  
Z. Kassamali ◽  
O. Ogundiran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
World Health ◽  
African Region ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
Member States ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
The World

Abstract The WHO African region is characterised by the largest infectious disease burden in the world. We conducted a retrospective descriptive analysis using records of all infectious disease outbreaks formally reported to the WHO in 2018 by Member States of the African region. We analysed the spatio-temporal distribution, the notification delay as well as the morbidity and mortality associated with these outbreaks. In 2018, 96 new disease outbreaks were reported across 36 of the 47 Member States. The most commonly reported disease outbreak was cholera which accounted for 20.8% (n = 20) of all events, followed by measles (n = 11, 11.5%) and Yellow fever (n = 7, 7.3%). About a quarter of the outbreaks (n = 23) were reported following signals detected through media monitoring conducted at the WHO regional office for Africa. The median delay between the disease onset and WHO notification was 16 days (range: 0–184). A total of 107 167 people were directly affected including 1221 deaths (mean case fatality ratio (CFR): 1.14% (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07%–1.20%)). The highest CFR was observed for diseases targeted for eradication or elimination: 3.45% (95% CI 0.89%–10.45%). The African region remains prone to outbreaks of infectious diseases. It is therefore critical that Member States improve their capacities to rapidly detect, report and respond to public health events.

scholarly journals Statistical methods for the prospective detection of infectious disease outbreaks: a review

2011 ◽  
Vol 175 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Unkel ◽  
C. Paddy Farrington ◽  
Paul H. Garthwaite ◽  
Chris Robertson ◽  
Nick Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks

scholarly journals Dot map cartograms for detection of infectious disease outbreaks: an application to Q fever, the Netherlands and pertussis, Germany

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Loes Soetens ◽  
Susan Hahné ◽  
Jacco Wallinga
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Point Pattern ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
And Control

Geographical mapping of infectious diseases is an important tool for detecting and characterising outbreaks. Two common mapping methods, dot maps and incidence maps, have important shortcomings. The former does not represent population density and can compromise case privacy, and the latter relies on pre-defined administrative boundaries. We propose a method that overcomes these limitations: dot map cartograms. These create a point pattern of cases while reshaping spatial units, such that spatial area becomes proportional to population size. We compared these dot map cartograms with standard dot maps and incidence maps on four criteria, using two example datasets. Dot map cartograms were able to illustrate both incidence and absolute numbers of cases (criterion 1): they revealed potential source locations (Q fever, the Netherlands) and clusters with high incidence (pertussis, Germany). Unlike incidence maps, they were insensitive to choices regarding spatial scale (criterion 2). Dot map cartograms ensured the privacy of cases (criterion 3) by spatial distortion; however, this occurred at the expense of recognition of locations (criterion 4). We demonstrate that dot map cartograms are a valuable method for detection and visualisation of infectious disease outbreaks, which facilitates informed and appropriate actions by public health professionals, to investigate and control outbreaks.

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