Associations between risk-perception, self-efficacy and vaccine response-efficacy and parent/guardian decision-making regarding adolescent HPV vaccination

Individual perception of disaster risk is not only the product of individual factors, but also the product of social interactions. However, few studies have empirically explored the correlations between rural residents’ flat social networks, trust in pyramidal channels, and disaster-risk perceptions. Taking Sichuan Province—a typical disaster-prone province in China—as an example and using data from 327 rural households in mountainous areas threatened by multiple disasters, this paper measured the level of participants’ disaster-risk perception in the four dimensions of possibility, threat, self-efficacy, and response efficacy. Then, the ordinary least squares method was applied to probe the correlations between social networks, trust, and residents’ disaster-risk perception. The results revealed four main findings. (1) Compared with scores relating to comprehensive disaster-risk perception, participants had lower perception scores relating to possibility and threat, and higher perception scores relating to self-efficacy and response efficacy. (2) The carrier characteristics of their social networks significantly affected rural residents’ perceived levels of disaster risk, while the background characteristics did not. (3) Different dimensions of trust had distinct effects on rural residents’ disaster-risk perceptions. (4) Compared with social network variables, trust was more closely related to the perceived level of disaster risks, which was especially reflected in the impact on self-efficacy, response efficacy, and comprehensive perception. The findings of this study deepen understanding of the relationship between social networks, trust, and disaster-risk perceptions of rural residents in mountainous areas threatened by multiple disasters, providing enlightenment for building resilient disaster-prevention systems in the community.

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How Information Sources, Risk Perception, and Efficacy Appraisal Predicted Engagement in Protective Behaviors Against COVID-19: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Survey in China (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.23232 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jian Raymond Rui ◽

Keqing Yang ◽

Juan Chen

Keyword(s):

Risk Perception ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Protective Behaviors ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Perceived Susceptibility ◽

Perceived Severity ◽

Response Efficacy ◽

Protective Actions ◽

Expert Sources

BACKGROUND As the COVID-19 pandemic has become a major public health threat worldwide, it is critical to understand what factors affect individual engagement in protective actions. Because of its authoritarian political system and state-owned media system, how Chinese individuals engaged in protective actions against COVID-19 might be different compared to other countries. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study is to examine how the source of information about COVID-19, Chinese individuals’ risk perception of COVID-19 (i.e., perceived severity and perceived susceptibility), and their efficacy appraisal in controlling COVID-19 (i.e., response efficacy and self-efficacy) affected their engagement in protective actions. Additionally, this study aims to investigate whether there is any difference in these relationships throughout the duration of this pandemic. METHODS A six-wave repeated cross-sectional survey (N = 1942) was conducted in six major cities in China between February 7 and April 23, 2020. Participants’ reliance on expert versus inexpert sources for information about COVID-19, their perceived severity of and susceptibility to COVID-19, their response efficacy and self-efficacy, and their engagement in protective actions (staying at home, wearing a facemask, and washing hands) were measured. Demographic variables (sex, age, income, education, and city of residence), knowledge of COVID-19, and self-rated health condition were controlled. RESULTS Reliance on expert sources did not become the major factor that motivated these actions until wave 3, and the negative effect of inexpert sources on these actions was limited to wave 2. Perceived severity encouraged some protective behaviors but its effect varied depending on the specific behavior. In addition, perceived severity exhibited a stronger effect on these behaviors compared to perceived susceptibility. The positive effect of response efficacy was only significant at waves 1 and 2 and limited to certain behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Chinese individuals’ engagement in protective behaviors might not entirely be their autonomous decision but a result of compliance with executive orders. After the early outbreak, expert sources started to facilitate protective behaviors, suggesting that it might take time to develop trust in these sources. The facilitating effect of perceived severity lasted throughout the duration of the pandemic, but that of response efficacy was limited to the early stage. CLINICALTRIAL

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Facilitating Informed Decision Making: Determinants of University Students’ COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake

10.31234/osf.io/u46bm ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tugce Varol ◽

Francine Schneider ◽

Ilse Mesters ◽

Robert A.C. Ruiter ◽

Gerjo Kok ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Risk Perception ◽

University Students ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Online Survey ◽

Informed Decision ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Informed Decision Making ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Important Target

Objective: Although several COVID-19 vaccines are available, the current challenge is achieving high vaccine uptake. We aimed to explore university students’ intention to get vaccinated and select the most relevant determinants/beliefs to facilitate informed decision-making around COVID-19 vaccine uptake.Methods: A cross-sectional online survey with students (N = 434) from Maastricht University was conducted in March 2021. The most relevant determinants/beliefs of students’ COVID-19 vaccine intention (i.e., determinants linked to vaccination intention, and with enough potential for change) were visualized using CIBER plots. Results: Students’ intention to get the COVID-19 vaccine is high (80 %). Concerns about safety and side effects of the vaccine and trust in government, quality control, and the pharmaceutical industry are identified as the most relevant determinants of vaccine intention. Other predictors are risk perception, attitude, perceived norm, and self-efficacy beliefs. Conclusion: Our study identified several predictors of COVID-19 vaccine intention (e.g., safety, trust, risk perception, etc.) and helped to select the most relevant determinants/beliefs to target in an intervention to maximize the COVID-19 uptake. Where concerns and trust related to the COVID-19 vaccine are the most important target for future interventions, other determinants that were already positive (i.e., risk perception, attitudes, perceived norms, and self-efficacy) could be further confirmed.

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Risk Perception and Behavioral Responses Related to COVID-19 Among the Iranian General Population: An Application of the Extended Parallel Process Model

10.21203/rs.3.rs-33493/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Leila Jahangiry ◽

Fatemeh Bakhtari ◽

Zahara Sohrabi ◽

Parvin Reihani ◽

Sirous Samei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Perception ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Process Model ◽

Behavioral Responses ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Perceived Susceptibility ◽

Response Efficacy ◽

Control Processes ◽

Socioeconomic And Demographic Factors

Abstract Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a major global public health challenge. Psychosocial and cultural factors affect adherence to health advice. This study aims to investigate how people have perceived the COVID-19 outbreak using the components of EPPM (i.e., recommended response efficacy, self-efficacy, susceptibility, and severity) and how their behavioral responses contributed to the prevention and control of the disease.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted online in Iran in March and April. Data were collected using an electronic questionnaire via Porsline. Participants were recruited using online applications and posts on platforms such as Telegram, WhatsApp, and Instagram asking people to take part. The posts asked people aged 15 years and over to take part in a study investigating the control and prevention of COVID-19. EPPM was used to develop a questionnaire measuring the risk perception of and behavioral responses to COVID-19. We used a 29-item, standardized, structured format. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-tests were used to compare groups. In all tests, a value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: A total of 3,727 individuals with a mean age (SD) of 37.0 (11.1) years participated in the study. The results by age category revealed significant progressive increases in perceived susceptibility, perceived self-efficacy, and avoidance response scores, particularly among those aged 60 and over. A total of 56.4% of participants were engaging in danger control processes and 43.6% in fear control processes. Women had significantly higher scores than men for self-efficacy, reactance, and avoidance defensive responses; men had higher perceived susceptibility scores for COVID-19 than women. We also found significantly higher scores for behavioral responses among people with advanced educational backgrounds. Conclusion: more than half of all participants motivated by danger control. This indicates that more than half of participants had high perceived efficacy (i.e., self-efficacy and response efficacy) scores. Self-efficacy scores were significantly higher among participants who were older, female, single, lived in rural areas, or had good economic status. The results of our study suggest that socioeconomic and demographic factors are the main determinants of psychological responses to controlling the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Using the Risk Perception Attitude Framework to understand Nasopharyngeal Cancer risk reducing behaviors

10.21203/rs.2.22503/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Su-Hie Ting ◽

Rayenda Khresna BRAHMANA ◽

Collin Jerome ◽

Yuwana Podin

Keyword(s):

Risk Perception ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Perceived Risk ◽

Nasopharyngeal Cancer ◽

Low Risk ◽

Mediation Effect ◽

High Efficacy ◽

Negatively Associated ◽

Response Efficacy ◽

Risk Reducing

Abstract Background: To reduce deaths due to nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC), it is important to understand factors that predict NPC risk reducing behaviors. This study employed the Risk Perception Attitude (RPA) framework to predict NPC risk reducing behaviors among a group of Malaysians. Methods: A sample of Malaysians (n=215) completed a questionnaire about perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, self-efficacy, response efficacy and intention to enact self-protective actions to reduce NPC risk. Results: A majority of the participants had responsive (high risk, high efficacy) and proactive attitudes (low risk, high efficacy). Hierarchical regression of mediation effect under structural equation model (SEM) approach was used to test the theory. Response efficacy and self-efficacy were negatively associated with perceived risk (p<0.01). Intention was negatively associated with perceived risk and positively associated with response efficacy and self-efficacy (p<0.01). The testing of the indirect effect from perceived risk effect yielded different conclusions for each efficacy measure. For the relationship between perceived risk and intention, there was no mediation effect of response efficacy but the mediation effect of self-efficacy was significant (p<0.1). Heightened perceived risk weakens efficacy beliefs and intention to enact self-protective behavior, suggesting that low risk messages may work better to avert fatalistic thinking for this group. Perceived risk and response efficacy explained 26.5% of the variance in self-efficacy, suggesting the importance of framing NPC risk messages to heighten the audience’s confidence to enact self-protective health behaviors.

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Using an Anthropological Lens to Explore Motivators and Challenges for Follow-up Care Decision Making among Female BRCA1/2 Carriers at Risk for Inherited Cancer

Human Organization ◽

10.17730/1938-3525-80.3.203 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 (3) ◽

pp. 203-213

Author(s):

Ann Louise Tezak ◽

Anne Weidner ◽

Kate Clouse ◽

Tuya Pal ◽

Deborah Cragun

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Lived Experience ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Perceived Threat ◽

Ovarian Cancer Risk ◽

Inherited Cancer ◽

Response Efficacy ◽

Follow Up Care ◽

Care Decision

Females with a BRCA1/2 (BRCA) pathogenic variant have high lifetime risks for cancer. Regularly updated guidelines are in place that recommend screening and/or surgery to monitor and/or significantly reduce breast or ovarian cancer risk. Follow-up care decision making among this population is important to explore to understand the multi-faceted influences guiding cancer screening behaviors and risk-reducing surgery decisions. Using lived-experience theory and cognitive anthropology, this study explored emotional and social influences on decision making and behavioral adherence to guideline recommendations among twenty-seven female BRCA carriers. Ethnographic data from in-depth interviews were analyzed in parallel with self-reported survey data on perceived threat, response efficacy, and self-efficacy constructs. Survey results demonstrated high rates of adherence to guideline recommendations and high levels of perceived threat and response efficacy with lower levels of self-efficacy, while interview data revealed multi-faceted motivators and challenges associated with behavioral adherence. These findings unearth complex lived-experiences within the context of perceived threat, response efficacy, and self-efficacy and explore the cognitive relationship between motivators and challenges to inherited cancer follow-up care decision making and behavioral adherence. This study demonstrates how anthropological practice can aid in inherited cancer research and be used to support the development of interventions that consider cognitive influences on behavior.

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