scholarly journals Reconstructing the ecological history of the extinct harp seal population of the Baltic Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 106701
Author(s):  
Aikaterini Glykou ◽  
Lembi Lõugas ◽  
Giedrė Piličiauskienė ◽  
Ulrich Schmölcke ◽  
Gunilla Eriksson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Harp Seal ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Ecological History ◽  
Seal Population ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Baltic

Contacts and Networks in the Baltic Sea Region

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Cultural Goods ◽  
The Third ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Baltic

Since prehistoric times, the Baltic Sea has functioned as a northern mare nostrum — a crucial nexus that has shaped the languages, folklore, religions, literature, technology, and identities of the Germanic, Finnic, Sámi, Baltic, and Slavic peoples. This anthology explores the networks among those peoples. The contributions to Contacts and Networks in the Baltic Sea Region: Austmarr as a Northern mare nostrum, ca. 500-1500 ad address different aspects of cultural contacts around and across the Baltic from the perspectives of history, archaeology, linguistics, literary studies, religious studies, and folklore. The introduction offers a general overview of crosscultural contacts in the Baltic Sea region as a framework for contextualizing the volume’s twelve chapters, organized in four sections. The first section concerns geographical conceptions as revealed in Old Norse and in classical texts through place names, terms of direction, and geographical descriptions. The second section discusses the movement of cultural goods and persons in connection with elite mobility, the slave trade, and rune-carving practice. The third section turns to the history of language contacts and influences, using examples of Finnic names in runic inscriptions and Low German loanwords in Finnish. The final section analyzes intercultural connections related to mythology and religion spanning Baltic, Finnic, Germanic, and Sámi cultures. Together these diverse articles present a dynamic picture of this distinctive part of the world.

The History of Cyanobacterial Blooms in the Baltic Sea

AMBIO ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 172-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terttu Finni ◽  
Kaisa Kononen ◽  
Riitta Olsonen ◽  
Kerstin Wallström
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals Bacteriohopanepolyols record stratification, nitrogen fixation and other biogeochemical perturbations in Holocene sediments of the central Baltic Sea

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 2725-2735 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Blumenberg ◽  
C. Berndmeyer ◽  
M. Moros ◽  
M. Muschalla ◽  
O. Schmale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Stable Stratification ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Allochthonous Input ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Column Stratification ◽  
Gotland Deep ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. The Baltic Sea, one of the world's largest brackish-marine basins, established after deglaciation of Scandinavia about 17 000 to 15 000 yr ago. In the changeable history of the Baltic Sea, the initial freshwater system was connected to the North Sea about 8000 yr ago and the modern brackish-marine setting (Littorina Sea) was established. Today, a relatively stable stratification has developed in the water column of the deep basins due to salinity differences. Stratification is only occasionally interrupted by mixing events, and it controls nutrient availability and growth of specifically adapted microorganisms and algae. We studied bacteriohopanepolyols (BHPs), lipids of specific bacterial groups, in a sediment core from the central Baltic Sea (Gotland Deep) and found considerable differences between the distinct stages of the Baltic Sea's history. Some individual BHP structures indicate contributions from as yet unknown redoxcline-specific bacteria (bacteriohopanetetrol isomer), methanotrophic bacteria (35-aminobacteriohopanetetrol), cyanobacteria (bacteriohopanetetrol cyclitol ether isomer) and from soil bacteria (adenosylhopane) through allochthonous input after the Littorina transgression, whereas the origin of other BHPs in the core has still to be identified. Notably high BHP abundances were observed in the deposits of the brackish-marine Littorina phase, particularly in laminated sediment layers. Because these sediments record periods of stable water column stratification, bacteria specifically adapted to these conditions may account for the high portions of BHPs. An additional and/or accompanying source may be nitrogen-fixing (cyano)bacteria, which is indicated by a positive correlation of BHP abundances with Corg and δ15N.

scholarly journals Słowianie w Historii powszechnej Teofilakta Simokatty – bizantyńska perspektywa aksjologiczna

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kotłowska
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Universal History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Baltic

Slavs in Theophylact Simocatta’s „Universal History” – a Byzantine axiological perspectiveThe Universal History of Theophylact Simocatta constitutes a very important source for the history of the Later Roman Empire, especially within the context of appearance of the Avars and the Slavs in the Balkans. This article confirms the high reliability and great value of Theophylact’ s narrative concerning the Slavs in the last two decades of the sixth century. In the second part, some new remarks have been given, which argue for the authenticity of the famous episode about Slavs “living at the end of the Western Ocean” (6.2). Moreover, the author is firmly convinced that the so-called Western Ocean should be identified with the Baltic Sea. Słowianie w Historii powszechnej Teofilakta Simokatty – bizantyńska perspektywa aksjologiczna Historia powszechna Teofilakta Simokatty stanowi bardzo istotne źródło do dziejów późnego Cesarstwa Rzymskiego, m.in. w kontekście pojawienia się Awarów i Słowian na Bałkanach. Przedłożony artykuł potwierdza wysoką wiarygodność i faktograficzne znaczenie narracji Teofilakta odnośnie do Słowiańszczyzny ostatnich dwóch dziesięcioleci VI wieku. Druga część artykułu zawiera nową argumentację na rzecz autentyczności słynnego epizodu o Słowianach „mieszkających przy krańcu zachodniego Oceanu”. Autorka jest przekonana, że tzw. „zachodni Ocean” należy utożsamić z Morzem Bałtyckim.

scholarly journals Estimates of the size of the Baltic grey seal population based on photo-identification data

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lex Hiby ◽  
Torkel Lundberg ◽  
Olle Karlsson ◽  
John Watkins ◽  
Mart Jüssi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Grey Seal ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Photo Identification ◽  
A Value ◽  
Seal Population ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Year 2000

The size of the year 2000 summer population of grey seals in the Baltic Sea was estimated using identification of individual seals from photographs taken over a period of 6 years. Photos were taken at haul-out sites within all major grey seal areas in the semi-closed Baltic Sea. The point estimate is 15,631, based on a value for annual survival of identification markings of 0.904, which was also estimated using the photo-id data, with 95% confidence limits from 9,592 to 19,005. The estimate is subject to an unknown, but probably small, upward bias resulting from the risk of failure to identify all individuals in the photographs used for the analysis. An estimated minimum of 15,950 seals were counted at moulting haul-outs in 2003, which thus provides a lower bound on the population size in that year and represents 80% of the photo-id point estimate.

scholarly journals Reconstructing N<sub>2</sub>-fixing cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic Sea beyond observations using 6- and 7-methylheptadecanes in sediments as specific biomarkers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Kaiser ◽  
Norbert Wasmund ◽  
Mati Kahru ◽  
Anna K. Wittenborn ◽  
Regina Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Time History ◽  
Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diazotrophic Cyanobacteria ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. Summer cyanobacterial blooms represent a threat for the Baltic Sea ecosystem, causing deoxygenation of the bottom water and the spread of the so-called dead zones. The time history of the Baltic Sea cyanobacterial blooms is known from in situ and satellite observations since the early 1980s, but still not well understood. By comparing both weekly-resolved trap sediments and a well-dated sediment core from the Eastern Gotland Basin with monitoring and satellite cyanobacterial data of the last ca. 35 years, it is shown here that 6- and 7-methylheptadecane lipids (expressed as 6+7Me-C17:0) are robust semi-quantitative biomarkers for diazotrophic cyanobacteria, and likely mainly for Nodularia spumigena. Using this organic proxy, it was thus possible to reconstruct the history of cyanobacterial blooms beyond the observational period with a resolution of 2–4 years since 1860. Cyanobacteria were constantly present, but in relatively low abundance until 1920, when they started to alternate between periods with high and low abundance. Interestingly, there seems to be no significant increase in cyanobacterial abundance in the 1950s, when eutrophication and deoxygenation of the Baltic Sea increased considerably. Decadal to multi-decadal fluctuations are likely rather related to variability in the Baltic Sea surface temperature and, ultimately, to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. A 7000 years long 6+7Me-C17:0 record from the Bothnian Sea also suggests a relationship with the mean summer temperature in the Baltic Sea region, but at a multi-centennial to multi-millennial timescale. The intensity of the cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic Sea is thus likely mainly related to natural processes such as temperature variability, at least at a multi-decadal to multi-millennial timescale.

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