Sub-fossil bark beetles as indicators of past disturbance events in temperate Picea abies mountain forests

2022 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 107289
Author(s):  
Nick Schafstall ◽  
Niina Kuosmanen ◽  
Petr Kuneš ◽  
Helena Svitavská Svobodová ◽  
Marek Svitok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Mountain Forests

scholarly journals Simultaneous Real-Time Measurement of Isoprene and 2-Methyl-3-Buten-2-ol Emissions From Trees Using SIFT-MS

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Sophie Lehnert ◽  
Erica Perreca ◽  
Jonathan Gershenzon ◽  
Georg Pohnert ◽  
Susan E. Trumbore
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Proton Transfer Reaction ◽  
Terrestrial Vegetation ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
On Line ◽  
Measuring Tool

The C5 hemiterpenes isoprene and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO) are important biogenic volatiles emitted from terrestrial vegetation. Isoprene is emitted from many plant groups, especially trees such as Populus, while emission of MBO is restricted to certain North American conifers, including species of Pinus. MBO is also a pheromone emitted by several conifer bark beetles. Both isoprene and MBO have typically been measured by proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS), but this method cannot accurately distinguish between them because of their signal overlap. Our study developed a method for using selective ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) that allows simultaneous on-line measurement of isoprene and MBO by employing different reagent ions. The use of m/z(NO+) = 68 u for isoprene and m/z(O2+) = 71 u for MBO gave minimal interference between the compounds. We tested the suitability of the method by measuring the emission of young trees of Populus, Picea, and Pinus. Our results largely confirm previous findings that Populus nigra, Picea glauca, and Picea abies emit isoprene and Pinus ponderosa emits MBO, but we also found MBO to be emitted by Picea abies. Thus SIFT-MS provides a reliable, easy to use, on-line measuring tool to distinguish between isoprene and MBO. The method should be of use to atmospheric chemists, tree physiologists and forest entomologists, among others.

scholarly journals Merocoenoses of cambioxylophagous insect fauna of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) with focus on bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and types of tree damage in different gradation conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 474-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kula ◽  
W. Ząbecki
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Endemic Population

Research on merocoenoses of cambioxylophagous insect fauna of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) was carried out in spruce stands of different age in the area with an endemic population (Moravian-Silesian Beskids, Czech Republic) and in the area with an epidemic population (Beskid Żywiecki, Poland) of the eight-toothed spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (L.). The structure of merocoenoses was characterized separately for standing trees attacked by bark beetles, trees struck by lightning, trees affected by fungal pathogens and wind-felling and trees in the form of snags and fragments. The occurrence of cambioxylophagous insects, mostly bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), was compared between the study areas with emphasis on dominant facultative primary bark beetles and types of damage to spruce trees.  

scholarly journals Bark Beetles,Pityogenes bidentatus, Orienting to Aggregation Pheromone Avoid Conifer Monoterpene Odors When Flying but Not When Walking

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Byers
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Aggregation Pheromone ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Slow Rotation ◽  
Scotch Pine ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Pheromone Components ◽  
Males And Females

Previous studies and data presented here suggest that odors from healthy host Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris) and nonhost Norway spruce (Picea abies), as well as major monoterpenes of these trees at natural release rates, significantly reduce the attraction of flying bark beetles,Pityogenes bidentatus, of both sexes to their aggregation pheromone components grandisol andcis-verbenol in the field, as tested by slow rotation of trap pairs. In contrast,P. bidentatusmales and females walking in an open-arena olfactometer in the laboratory did not avoid monoterpene vapors at release rates spanning several orders of magnitude in combination with aggregation pheromone. The bark beetle may avoid monoterpenes when flying as a mechanism for avoiding nonhost species, vigorous and thus unsuitable host trees, as well as harmful resinous areas of hosts. Inhibition of this flight avoidance response in beetles after landing would allow them to initiate, or to find and enter, gallery holes with high monoterpene vapor concentrations in order to feed and reproduce.

scholarly journals The alpha-cypermethrin coated net for protecting Norway spruce wood against bark beetles (Curculionidae, Scolytinae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Skrzecz ◽  
Wojciech Grodzki ◽  
Mieczysław Kosibowicz ◽  
Dorota Tumialis
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Thanasimus Formicarius ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Negative Effect

Abstract The study estimated the efficacy of a net coated with alpha-cypermethrin used to protect Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) H. Karst] wood against bark beetle infestations. The inside of the net was coated with 100 mg/m2 of alpha-cypermethrin. The studies carried out in 2010 and 2011 took place in southern Poland in the Beskid Żywiecki and Beskid Sądecki mountains in P. abies stands threatened by Ips typographus (Linnaeus, 1758). The research material consisted of wood logs taken off of 70–80-year-old P. abies trees. The logs were wrapped in the net in the early spring before spring swarming of bark beetles. The unwrapped logs were considered as the study controls. An evaluation of the treatments was performed after 2 months. The evaluation was based on the counting of bark beetles galleries found after removing the bark from the wrapped and unwrapped logs. There were no insect galleries on the wrapped logs. The net was a barrier, on which bark beetles died. About 10 dead I. typographus beetles were found on 0.01 m2 of the net surface. On the bark from the unwrapped-control logs there were 3,156 galleries/entrance holes of bark beetles, in total, of which 73% belonged to I. typographus, 13% to Pityogenes chalcographus (Linnaeus, 1761), and almost 10% to Xyloterus lineatus (Oliv.). These results indicated the high efficacy of the net coated with alpha-cypermethrin used for the protection of Norway spruce wood against the bark beetles. At the same time, the net was found to have a negative effect on non-target entomofauna, mainly Hylobius spp., Thanasimus formicarius (L.), and Tetropium castaneum (F.). However, the use of a net did not affect other predatory (Carabidae) and parasitic (Ichneumonidae and Tachinidae) entomofauna.

scholarly journals Comparison of phoretic mites associated with bark beetles Ips typographus and Ips cembrae from central Croatia

2016 ◽  
Vol 140 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 560-560
Author(s):  
Stefan F. Wirth ◽  
Olivia Weis ◽  
Milan Pernek
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Larix Decidua ◽  
Ips Cembrae

Na nekoliko lokacija u Hrvatskoj (Nova Gradiška, Koprivnica, Gospić i Jastrebarsko) sa različitih vrsta drveća (Picea abies, Larix decidua i Pinus sylvestris) sakupljani su različiti stadiji ariševog potkornjaka, Ips cembrae i smrekinog pisara, Ips typographus te supstrat iz njihovih hodnika u svrhu sakupljana i identifikacije foretičkih grinja. Izravno sa tijela potkornjaka determinirano je 4 vrsta grinja: Iponemus gaebleri (Tarsenomidae), Histiostoma piceae (Astigmata, Histiostomatoidea), Dendrolaelaps quadrisetus (Gamasina) i Urobovella sp. (Uropodidae). Iponemus gaebleri bila je najčešća nađena vrsta kod obiju vrsta potkornjaka. Tri druge vtrste sakupljene su izravno iz hodničkih sustava. Istraživana su i mjesta spajanja foretičkih grinja s potkornjacima. Iponemus gaebleri i D. quadrisetus tako se najčešće nalaze na obronku zadka, dok se foretičke deutonimfe porodice Histiostomatidae obično nalaze na ventralnoj strani prsišta. Statističkom anlizom potvrđen je jasna preferencija I. gaebleri na I. cembrae. Mladi još nezreli kukci Ips cembrae, koji izlaze iz materinjih hodnika nose signifikantno više foretičkih grinja nego roditeljski. Ženke neidentifcirane vrste roda Histiostoma nađene su u hodnicima I. typographus. Grinje su uglavnom bile pokrivene s većim brojem neidentificiranim sporama gljiva iz skupine Ascomycota (Hypocreales). U radu se daje dihotomski ključ za identifikaciju larvi i protonimfi za porodicu Histiostomatidae.

Effects of topography and forest stand dynamics on soil morphology in three natural Picea abies mountain forests

2015 ◽  
Vol 392 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 57-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Valtera ◽  
Pavel Šamonil ◽  
Miroslav Svoboda ◽  
Pavel Janda
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Stand Dynamics ◽  
Soil Morphology ◽  
Mountain Forests

scholarly journals Induced wound response of Norway spruce Picea abies P. Karst. after artificial inoculation by imagoes of Ips typographus

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 403-411
Author(s):  
L. Jankovský ◽  
D. Novotný ◽  
R. Mrkva
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Wound Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Vascular Pathogens ◽  
Host Tissues ◽  
Ceratocystis Polonica

Inoculation experiments were carried out on a set of trees with imagoes of Ips typographus L. which origin from the Šumava Mts. and the Křtiny Training Enterprise. The objective of back inoculations was to determine whether species found on the surface of Ips typographus imagoes spread after the inoculation also through host tissues. It the vicinity of inoculation by Ips typographus imagoes, marked necrotic zones are evident including symptoms of the penetration of vascular pathogens through phloem and sapwood. The most marked reactions were observed in case of inoculation by an untreated Ips typographus imago. Treatment of Ips typographus imagoes by Ibefungin and Fundazol preparations did not demonstrate expected effects in full scale. The spores of several ophiostomoid fungi like Ceratocystis polonica (Siem.) C. Moreau were observed on the surface of bark beetles and at the same time were re-isolated from wounds inoculated by Ips typographus imagoes. The other fungi like Ophiostoma bicolor Davidson & Wells, Leptographium cf. lundbergii Lagerberg & Melin., Pezicula eucrita Karst., Phomopsis sp. and other were found in wounds with the imagoes artificial infection.    

scholarly journals Impacts of soil conditions and light availability on natural regeneration of Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. in low-elevation mountain forests

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin K. Dyderski ◽  
Anna Gazda ◽  
Mariusz Hachułka ◽  
Paweł Horodecki ◽  
Izabela L. Kałucka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Mountain Forests
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