Mitochondrial dysfunction causes severe cellular derangements potentially underlying tissue injury and consequent diseases. Evidence of a direct involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in hypertensive target organ damage is still poor.
The gene encoding Uncoupling Protein 2 (UCP2), a inner mitochondrial membrane protein, maps inside stroke QTL/STR1 in stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP). We explored the role of UCP2 in stroke pathogenesis of SHRSP. Male SHRSP, stroke resistant SHR (SHRSR) and reciprocal STR1/congenic rats were fed with stroke permissive Japanese style diet (JD). A group of SHRSP received JD plus fenofibrate (150 mg/kg/die). Rats were sacrificed at stroke occurrence. Additional SHRSR and SHRSP rats were sacrificed at 1, 3, 6, 12 months of age upon regular diet. SBP, BW, proteinuria, stroke signs were monitored. Brains were used for molecular analysis (UCP2 gene and protein expression, Nf-kB protein expression, oxidative stress quantification) and for histological analyses.
As a result, brain UCP2 expression was reduced to 20% by JD only in SHRSP (showing 100% stroke occurrence by 7 weeks of JD). Fenofibrate protected SHRSP from stroke and upregulated brain UCP2 (+ 100%). Congenic rats carrying STR1/QTL showed increased (+100%) brain UCP2 expression, as compared to SHRSP, when resistant to stroke, and, viceversa, decreased (-50%) brain UCP2 levels, as compared to SHRSR, when susceptible to stroke. Brain UCP2 expression progressively decreased with aging only in SHRSP, down to 15% level at one year of age (when SHRSP showed spontaneous stroke). Both brain Nf-kB expression and oxidative stress levels increased when UCP2 expression was downregulated, and viceversa. Histological analysis showed both ischemic and haemorrhagic lesions at stroke occurrence.
Our results highlight a role of UCP2 in stroke predisposition associated to hypertension in an animal model of complex human disease.
High-fat diet-induced renal cell apoptosis and oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rat are ameliorated by fenofibrate through the PPARα–FoxO3a–PGC-1α pathway
