Impact of the dual-credit policy on improvements in fuel economy and the production of internal combustion engine vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 104712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaoxiang Lou ◽  
Haicheng Ma ◽  
Tijun Fan ◽  
Hing Kai Chan
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Dual Credit ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Credit Policy

scholarly journals Optimal Degree of Hybridization for Spark-Ignited Engines with Optional Variable Valve Timings

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8151
Author(s):  
Andyn Omanovic ◽  
Norbert Zsiga ◽  
Patrik Soltic ◽  
Christopher Onder
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Valve Train ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Optimal Degree ◽  
Variable Valve Train ◽  
Variable Valve

The electric hybridization of vehicles with an internal combustion engine is an effective measure to reduce CO2 emissions. However, the identification of the dimension and the sufficient complexity of the powertrain parts such as the engine, electric machine, and battery is not trivial. This paper investigates the influence of the technological advancement of an internal combustion engine and the sizing of all propulsion components on the optimal degree of hybridization and the corresponding fuel consumption reduction. Thus, a turbocharged and a naturally aspirated engine are both modeled with the additional option of either a fixed camshaft or a fully variable valve train. All models are based on data obtained from measurements on engine test benches. We apply dynamic programming to find the globally optimal operating strategy for the driving cycle chosen. Depending on the engine type, a reduction in fuel consumption by up to 32% is achieved with a degree of hybridization of 45%. Depending on the degree of hybridization, a fully variable valve train reduces the fuel consumption additionally by up to 9% and advances the optimal degree of hybridization to 50%. Furthermore, a sufficiently high degree of hybridization renders the gearbox obsolete, which permits simpler vehicle concepts to be derived. A degree of hybridization of 65% is found to be fuel optimal for a vehicle with a fixed transmission ratio. Its fuel economy diverges less than 4% from the optimal fuel economy of a hybrid electric vehicle equipped with a gearbox.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Effect of Air Capacitor Turbocharging Single Cylinder Engines on Fuel Economy and Emissions Through Modeling and Experimentation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Buchman ◽  
W. Brett Johnson ◽  
Amos G. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Power Gain ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Intake Stroke

Turbocharging can provide a cost effective means for increasing the power output and fuel economy of an internal combustion engine. A turbocharger added to an internal combustion engine consists of a coupled turbine and compressor. Currently, turbocharging is common in multi-cylinder engines, but it is not commonly used on single-cylinder engines due to the phase mismatch between the exhaust stroke (when the turbocharger is powered) and the intake stroke (when the engine intakes the compressed air). The proposed method adds an air capacitor, an additional volume in series with the intake manifold, between the turbocharger compressor and the engine intake, to buffer the output from the turbocharger compressor and deliver pressurized air during the intake stroke. This research builds on previous work where it was shown experimentally that a power gain of 29% was achievable and that analytically a power gain of 40–60% was possible using a turbocharger and air capacitor system. The goal of this study is to further analyze the commercial viability of this technology by analyzing the effect of air capacitor turbocharging on emissions, fuel economy, and power density. An experiment was built and conducted that looked at how air capacitor sizing affected emissions, fuel economy, and the equivalence ratio. The experimental data was then used to calibrate a computational model built in Ricardo Wave. Finally this model was used to evaluate strategies to further improve the performance of a single cylinder diesel turbocharged engine with an air capacitor.

scholarly journals Model-based estimation of light-duty vehicle fuel economy at high altitude

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 168781401988625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijun Hao ◽  
Chunjie Wang ◽  
Hang Yin ◽  
Chunxiao Hao ◽  
Haohao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle

In order to estimate the light-duty vehicle fuel economy at high-altitude areas, the coast-down tests of a passenger car on level road were conducted at different elevations, and the coast-down resistance coefficients were calculated. Furthermore, a fuel economy model for a light-duty vehicle adopting backward simulation method was developed, and it mainly consists of vehicle dynamic model, internal combustion engine model, transmission model, and differential model. The internal combustion engine model consists of the brake-specific fuel consumption maps as functions of engine torque and engine speed, and the brake-specific fuel consumption map near sea level was constructed based on engine experimental data, and the brake-specific fuel consumption maps at high altitudes were calculated by GT-Power Modeling of the internal combustion engine. The fuel consumption rate was calculated from the brake-specific fuel consumption maps and brake power and used to calculate the fuel economy of the light-duty vehicle. The model predicted fuel consumption data met well with the test results, and the model prediction errors are within 5%.

A Learning Algorithm for Optimal Internal Combustion Engine Calibration in Real Time

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas A. Malikopoulos ◽  
Panos Y. Papalambros ◽  
Dennis N. Assanis
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Engine Calibration

Advanced internal combustion engine technologies have increased the number of accessible variables of an engine and our ability to control them. The optimal values of these variables are designated during engine calibration by means of a static correlation between the controllable variables and the corresponding steady-state engine operating points. While the engine is running, these correlations are being interpolated to provide values of the controllable variables for each operating point. These values are controlled by the electronic control unit to achieve desirable engine performance, for example in fuel economy, pollutant emissions, and engine acceleration. The state-of-the-art engine calibration cannot guarantee continuously optimal engine operation for the entire operating domain, especially in transient cases encountered in driving styles of different drivers. This paper presents the theoretical basis and algorithmic implementation for allowing the engine to learn the optimal set values of accessible variables in real time while running a vehicle. Through this new approach, the engine progressively perceives the driver’s driving style and eventually learns to operate in a manner that optimizes specified performance indices. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated through simulation of a spark ignition engine, which learns to optimize fuel economy with respect to spark ignition timing, while it is running a vehicle.

scholarly journals Analysis of Fuel Economy in Petrol Engines Due To High Compression of Steppes

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1744-1748
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
High Compression ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Thermodynamic Processes

All known automotive concerns and institutes specialized in ICE problems have worked to identify the relationship between the compression ratio of ICE and its efficiency and to investigate the nature of thermodynamic processes taking place in ICE. Numerous experiments have also been carried out to increase the compression ratio of ICE. But these works had a negative result. Building on this negative result, ICE theory adopted, as axioms, claims that the compression ratio of a gasoline engine cannot be higher than 14. That the most effective compression ratio of the diesel internal combustion engine is in the region 17-23, and at the compression ratio 40 it becomes zero. Experts and theorists were so established in the correctness of these provisions that at this stage the slightest attempt to question them caused a sharp reaction.

Estimation of Energy Conservation in Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles Using Ionic Liquid As an Additive

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameer Magar ◽  
Hong Guo ◽  
Patricia Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Valve Train ◽  
Engine System ◽  
Piston Assembly

Lubricants play a vital role in improving energy efficiency and reducing friction in any type of frictional contact. The automotive industry is facing strict regulations in terms of emissions from the petroleum fuel. Strict government norms are compelling automotive manufacturers to push their technological limits to improve the fuel economy and emissions from their vehicles. Improving the efficiency of the engine will ultimately result in saving fuel thus improving the fuel economy of the engine. Concerning energy consumption; 33% of the fuel energy developed by combustion of fuel is dissipated to overcome the friction losses in the vehicle [1]. Out of this, 11.56% of the total fuel energy is lost in engine system. The distribution of this 11.56% fuel energy lost in engine system includes 3.5% consumed in bearings, 1.16% in pumping and hydraulic viscous losses, 5.2% and 1.73% consumed in piston assembly and valve train respectively [1]. If we consider losses only in bearings, piston assembly and valve train it results in 10.4% energy loss as compared to the total energy generated by the fuel. In the last decade, ionic liquids have shown potential as lubricants and lubricant additives. This study focusses on the use ionic liquids as additives for friction and wear reduction resulting in energy conservation in an internal combustion engine. In this work, the contact between piston ring and cylinder wall was simulated using a ball-on-flat tribometer. Most of the engine oils are based on mineral oils and results showed that adding 1% of the ionic liquid to mineral oil reduced friction loses by 27% [2], which corresponds to conserving 2.8% of fuel energy if just the frictional loss in piston assembly, valve train and bearing are considered. In the United States, there are 253 million vehicles on average consuming 678 gallons of fuel per year [3], the use of ionic liquid can save an estimated 4.8 billion gallons of fuel per year, which results in estimated saving of 11.56 billion dollars.

scholarly journals Energy Management Optimization Based on Aging Adaptive Functional State Model of Battery For Intelligent Vehicles Driven by Internal Combustion Engine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Kong ◽  
Yugong Luo ◽  
Xiaomin Lian ◽  
Fachao Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Intelligent Vehicles ◽  
State Model ◽  
Energy Management Strategy

Abstract With the development of intelligent vehicles, increasing number of electronic and electrical devices are applied in vehicles, the necessary power is surging, battery protection is increasingly required, and higher demands are made for energy management. Most previous studies on battery characteristics have only focused on the battery itself, which is chemical characteristics. Further considering battery’s actual operating conditions on vehicles, battery’s functional characteristics are proposed and studied in this paper. Aging adaptive functional state model of battery for internal combustion engine vehicles is proposed, comprehensively revealing the operating characteristics covering the battery full life cycle. Thereafter, based on the model, a battery protection scheme is developed, including over-discharge and graded over-current protection to achieve comprehensive battery protection. Furthermore, a model-based energy management strategy is presented to achieve integrated optimization of fuel economy, battery protection, and vehicle power performance. Finally, tests are performed on the vehicle and test bench to verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed model and management scheme. Results reveal that the model can reflect battery’s functional features, over-current protection and over-discharge protection of the battery are achieved, and the vehicle start-up capability is secured. The proposed energy management strategy can effectively improve fuel economy.

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