Beneficial effects of head-elevation during Controlled Automated Reperfusion of the WhoLe Body (CARL) in the pig model

Abstract Limited evidence is available to validate beneficial responses from extra nutrient supplements for mediation of growth suppression that results from immune challenges. Extrarenal roles of vitamin D metabolites in immune function implicate vitamin D3 supplements as a nutrient for potential beneficial effects. The current objective was to assess growth and bone ash responses to dietary vitamin D3 (D) supplements for growing pigs undergoing an immune challenge. At weaning, 216 crossbred pigs (4 pigs/pen, 6 pens/treatment) were randomly allotted within sex and weight blocks to 1 of the 9 treatments. Treatments included D supplements (0, 100, or 800 IU/kg) in a factorial arrangement with 3 vaccine (V) protocols; no injection (0 × V), a single 2 mL injection of a Lawsonia intracellularis vaccine at day 14 (1 × V), or 2 mL injections of the same vaccine at days 0 and 7 (2 × V). An adjustment diet with no supplemental D was fed for 1 wk, then assigned D diets for 2 wk (P2). After P2, all pigs were phase-fed standard diets (D = 280 IU/kg) to assess subsequent growth to 115 kg. No differences due to D supplements or vaccination protocol were detected in ADG (0.233 ± 0.021 kg/d) or GF (0.642 ± 0.028 kg/d) over the 21-d nursery trial; however, ADFI was lower (P < 0.10) in pigs fed D levels of 0 vs. 100 and 800 (0.340 vs. 0.375, 0.372 ± 0.027 kg/d). Bone mineral content (g) from whole-body dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scans at 9 wk (n = 4 pigs/treatment) was lower in pigs fed 0 vs. 100 and 800 IU of D (287 vs. 325, 323 ± 34.1 g/pig). Growth from nursery to 115 kg was lower (P < 0.01) in pigs fed D levels of 0 vs.100 and 800 (0.828 vs. 0.876, 0.889 ± 0.021 kg/d). At market, approximately two-thirds of pigs showed positive L. intracellularis serology titers regardless of treatment. Limited evidence for D-mediation of an immune challenge using the vaccination protocols may be a consequence of limited vaccine effects on growth in the nursery and seroconversion of most pigs to L. intracellularis by market.

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Whole body hypothermia using a portable cooling unit in a neonatal pig model: Implications for transport

Journal of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine ◽

10.3233/npm-2010-0087 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 15-20

Author(s):

Eric Rabenstein ◽

Melissa Tyree ◽

Daniel Dirnberger ◽

Robert DiGeronimo

Keyword(s):

Pig Model ◽

Whole Body ◽

Cooling Unit ◽

Neonatal Pig

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Effects of chronic coffee consumption on glucose kinetics in the conscious rat

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y07-070 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 85 (8) ◽

pp. 823-830 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

J. Shearer ◽

E.A. Sellars ◽

A. Farah ◽

T.E. Graham ◽

D.H. Wasserman

Keyword(s):

Coffee Consumption ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Whole Body ◽

Metabolic Clearance ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Glucose Kinetics ◽

Conscious Rat ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Decaffeinated Coffee

Epidemiological studies indicate that regular coffee consumption reduces the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Despite these findings, the biological mechanisms by which coffee consumption exerts these effects are unknown. The aim of this study was twofold: to develop a rat model that would further delineate the effects of regular coffee consumption on glucose kinetics, and to determine whether coffee, with or without caffeine, alters the actions of insulin on glucose kinetics in vivo. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet for 4 weeks in combination with one of the following: (i) drinking water as placebo (PL), (ii) decaffeinated coffee (2 g/100 mL) (DC), or (iii) alkaloid caffeine (20 mg/100 mL) added to decaffeinated coffee (2 g/100 mL) (CAF). Catheters were chronically implanted in a carotid artery and jugular vein for sampling and infusions, respectively. Recovered animals (5 days postoperative) were fasted for 5 h before hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps (2 mU·kg–1·min–1). Glucose was clamped at 6 mmol/L and isotopes (2-deoxy-[14C]glucose and [3-3H]glucose) were administered to obtain indices of whole-body and tissue-specific glucose kinetics. Glucose infusion rates and measures of whole-body metabolic clearance were greater in DC than in PL or CAF, indicating increased whole-body insulin sensitivity. As the only difference between DC and CAF was the addition of alkaloid caffeine, it can be concluded that caffeine antagonizes the beneficial effects of DC. Given these findings, decaffeinated coffee may represent a nutritional means of combating insulin resistance.

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Beneficial Effects of an 8-Week, Very Low Carbohydrate Diet Intervention on Obese Subjects

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/760804 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Yunjuan Gu ◽

Haoyong Yu ◽

Yuehua Li ◽

Xiaojing Ma ◽

Junxi Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Metabolic Profile ◽

Whole Body ◽

Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Low Carbohydrate ◽

Obese Subjects

Aim. To investigate the effects of weight loss during an 8-week very low carbohydrate diet (VLCD) on improvement of metabolic parameters, adipose distribution and body composition, and insulin resistance and sensitivity in Chinese obese subjects.Methods. Fifty-three healthy obese volunteers were given an 8-week VLCD. The outcomes were changes in anthropometry, body composition, metabolic profile, abdominal fat distribution, liver fat percent (LFP), and insulin resistance and sensitivity.Results. A total of 46 (86.8%) obese subjects completed the study. The VLCD caused a weight loss of−8.7±0.6 kg (mean ± standard error (SE),P<0.0001) combined with a significant improvement of metabolic profile. In both male and female, nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) significantly decreased (−166.2±47.6 μmol/L,P=0.001) andβ-hydroxybutyric acid (BHA) increased (0.15±0.06 mmol/L,P=0.004) after eight weeks of VLCD intervention. The significant reductions in subcutaneous fat area (SFA), visceral fat area (VFA), and LFP were−66.5±7.9 cm2,−35.3±3.9 cm2, and−16.4±2.4%, respectively (allPvaluesP<0.0001). HOMA IR and HOMAβsignificantly decreased while whole body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI) increased (allPvaluesP<0.001).Conclusion. Eight weeks of VLCD was an effective intervention in obese subjects. These beneficial effects may be associated with enhanced hepatic and whole-body lipolysis and oxidation.

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Empagliflozin ameliorates obesity-related cardiac dysfunction by regulating Sestrin2-mediated AMPK-mTOR signaling and redox homeostasis in high-fat induced obese mice

10.2337/db20-4567/suppl.12023325 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ada Admin ◽

Xiaodong Sun ◽

Fang Han ◽

Qingguo Lu ◽

Xuan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Knockout Mice ◽

Cardiac Dysfunction ◽

Redox Homeostasis ◽

Mtor Signaling ◽

Whole Body ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

High Fat ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Reduced Body ◽

Inducible Protein

Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have favorable cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients. However, whether SGLT2i can improve obesity-related cardiac dysfunction is unknown. Sestrin2 is a novel stress-inducible protein that regulates AMPK-mTOR and suppresses oxidative damage. The aim of this study was to determine whether empagliflozin (EMPA) improves obesity-related cardiac dysfunction via regulating Sestrin2-mediated pathways in diet-induced obesity. C57BL/6J mice and Sestrin2 knockout mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks and then treated with or without EMPA (10 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. Treating HFD-fed C57BL/6J mice with EMPA reduced body weight, whole-body fat, and improved metabolic disorders. Furthermore, EMPA improved myocardial hypertrophy/fibrosis and cardiac function, and reduced cardiac fat accumulation and mitochondria injury. Additionally, EMPA significantly augmented Sestrin2 levels, increased AMPK and eNOS phosphorylation, but inhibited Akt and mTOR phosphorylation. These beneficial effects were partially attenuated in HFD-fed Sestrin2 knockout mice. Intriguingly, EMPA treatment enhanced the Nrf2/HO-1-mediated oxidative stress response, suggesting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Thus, EMPA improved obesity-related cardiac dysfunction via regulating Sestrin2-mediated AMPK-mTOR signaling and maintaining redox homeostasis. These findings provide a novel mechanism for the cardiovascular protection of SGLT2i in obesity.

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Beneficial effects of the whole-body cryotherapy on sport haemolysis

Journal of Human Sport and Exercise ◽

10.4100/jhse.2009.42.11 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 189-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Giuseppe Banfi ◽

Gianluca Melegati ◽

Alessandra Barassi ◽

Gianvico Melzi d'Eril

Keyword(s):

Whole Body ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Whole Body Cryotherapy

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