Physical mechanisms produced in the development of nursery almond trees (Prunus dulcis Miller) as a response to the plant adaptation to different substrates

Rhizosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Mondragón-Valero ◽  
Isabel Lopéz-Cortés ◽  
Domingo M. Salazar ◽  
Pascual Fernández de Córdova
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Plant Adaptation ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
Almond Trees

scholarly journals Influence of Inoculation Date on the Colonization of Xylella fastidiosa and the Persistence of Almond Leaf Scorch Disease Among Almond Cultivars

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiesen Cao ◽  
Joseph H. Connell ◽  
Margot Wilhelm ◽  
Bruce C. Kirkpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Current Season ◽  
Leaf Scorch ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Almond Trees ◽  
Cultivar Susceptibility ◽  
June July ◽  
July August September ◽  
Almond Leaf Scorch

Field grown 2-year-old almond trees (Prunus dulcis cvs. Butte, Carmel, Mission, Ne Plus Ultra, Padre, Peerless, Price, Solano, Sonora, and Thompson) were mechanically inoculated with Xylella fastidiosa in the growing seasons of 2002 and 2003 to study the effect of inoculation date on the movement and colonization of X. fastidiosa and the overwintering persistence of almond leaf scorch disease (ALS) in these cultivars. X. fastidiosa was inoculated into the base of current-season growing shoots in April, May, June, July, August, September, and October. Almond trees inoculated in spring months developed more ALS-symptomatic leaves and more extensive within-plant spread of X. fastidiosa by the end of the current growing season compared with trees inoculated in July, August, September, and October. Trees inoculated in June developed the most severe ALS symptoms during the season in which they were inoculated. Trees inoculated in June and July 2002 had significantly higher disease ratings in 2003 than inoculations made in August and October 2002. Based on disease ratings observed in 2003, 1 year after inoculation, Sonora and Solano were the most ALS susceptible, Mission and Price intermediate, and Carmel, Padre, Ne Plus Ultra, Butte, Peerless, and Thompson were the least susceptible cultivars for allowing X. fastidiosa to overwinter and cause disease the following year. Assessment of all trees in August 2004 indicated that trees inoculated in June and July 2002 had a significantly higher amount of ALS-infected branches than trees inoculated in other months. Butte, Carmel, Padre, and Thompson cultivars had no symptomatic branches, while X. fastidiosa infections persisted or colonized new branches in Sonora, Solano, Peerless, Price, Mission, and Ne Plus Ultra. Based on the 2004 assessment, Sonora was the most susceptible cultivar. Surveys of a diseased orchard in Chico, CA showed large differences in ALS incidence in four almond cultivars. Nonpareil and Peerless had significantly greater incidence of disease than Butte and Carmel over the 2 years surveyed. These data suggest that cultivar susceptibility and the time of X. fastidiosa infection are important factors in determining the persistence of ALS in almond trees.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF PREHARVEST IRRIGATION CUTOFF DURATION AND POSTHARVEST WATER DEPRIVATION IN ALMOND

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1172b-1172
Author(s):  
David Goldhamer ◽  
Mario Viveros ◽  
Ken Shackel
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Kernel Size ◽  
Predawn Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Almond Trees ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Kernel Yield

Previously well irrigated mature `Nonpareil' almond trees (Prunus dulcis) were subjected to varying periods of water deprivation prior to harvest and then to either full or no postharvest irrigation. Eight preharvest water deprivation (PWD) lengths ranging from 14 to 63 days were evaluated on a sandy loam soil with a rooting depth of about 1.5 m.Development of tree water deficits occurred rapidly following PWD. Predawn leaf water potential decreased to about -1.8 and -3.1 MPa after 10 and 20 days, respectively. Defoliation began about 30 days after PWD and trees subjected to more than 50 days completely defoliated. The rate of hull split was directly related to the PWD duration. With early cutoffs, the size of the hull split-arrested nuts at harvest was large compared with the same nut type in later cutoffs suggesting that as nuts develop, large nuts are preferential sinks for assimilates. Kernel size was only mildly reduced by PWD during the first study year. There was a trend toward lower total kernel yield with longer PWD as a result of smaller kernel girth but yield differences were not significant. The number of nuts remaining in the tree after shaking was not related to PWD. Bark strength increased after PWD with 10 to 14 days required to prevent shaker damage. Postharvest irrigation resulted in late season defoliation but no rebloom. Bloom density reductions in 1990 were related more to the lack of 1989 postharvest irrigation than to early PWD.

scholarly journals Regulation of Nitrogen Uptake at the Whole-plant Level: A Study in Almond Trees

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farbod Youssefi ◽  
Patrick H. Brown ◽  
Steve A. Weinbaum
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Phloem Sap ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Soil N Uptake ◽  
Almond Trees ◽  
Plant Level

It has been proposed that a pool of amino N, whose size is determined by aboveground N demand, cycles in the plant and regulates soil N uptake by exerting an inhibitory effect at the root level. Several experiments were carried out to study this hypothesis in almond trees [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb]. Based on the evidence found, there is an association, at the whole tree level, between sap N content and soil N uptake. The data are consistent with the possibility that increased phloem sap amino acids result in decreased uptake of soil N.

scholarly journals Naturalization of almond trees (Prunus dulcis) in semi-arid regions of the Western Mediterranean

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 108-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Homet-Gutiérrez ◽  
Eugene W. Schupp ◽  
José M. Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Almond Trees ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Differences in proleptic and epicormic shoot structures in relation to water deficit and growth rate in almond trees (Prunus dulcis)

2013 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Negrón ◽  
Loreto Contador ◽  
Bruce D. Lampinen ◽  
Samuel G. Metcalf ◽  
Yann Guédon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Epicormic Shoot ◽  
Almond Trees

scholarly journals Almond Replant Disease and Its Management with Alternative Pre-Plant Soil Fumigation Treatments and Rootstocks

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 869-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Browne ◽  
J. H. Connell ◽  
S. M. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Replant Disease ◽  
Almond Trees ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
Conducive Soil

Trials were conducted in orchards near Chico, CA and microplots near Parlier, CA to examine symptoms and control measures for a replant disease (RD) on almond (Prunus dulcis). In the orchard trials, areas with a recent history of severe RD were cleared, given soil fumigation treatments in the fall, and replanted with almond trees on various rootstocks the following winter. The replants in nonfumigated soil developed severe RD (stunting, wilting, chlorosis, defoliation) by the following summer, while those in most fumigated treatments remained healthy. Trees in nonfumigated soil developed smaller trunk diameters and fewer healthy roots ≤1 mm diameter, compared with the healthy trees. Almond developed RD on all rootstocks evaluated (Marianna 2624, Lovell, and Nemaguard), but the trees on Marianna 2624 were the most severely affected. Pre-plant tree-site (spot) fumigation treatments with methyl bromide (MB), chloropicrin (CP), 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), 1,3-D + CP, iodomethane, and iodomethane + CP all prevented severe RD. Broadcast soil fumigation with CP also was effective, but broadcast MB and 1,3-D were ineffective. In microplots filled with RD-conducive soil, CP was more potent than MB for prevention of RD on Nemaguard peach. There was no association between nematodes and RD in orchard or microplot trials. The RD apparently was mediated by a biological agent(s) other than nematodes and can be prevented by appropriate fumigation with CP or other MB alternatives.

scholarly journals Nathrius brevipennis (Mu1sant 1839) (Col.: Cerambycidae) in Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Santas
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Almond Trees ◽  
Wood Borer ◽  
Almond Orchard

In the spring of 1975, the trees of an almond orchard [Prunus dulcis (Miller) D.A. Webb] in Avliotes Corfu, were found to be severely infested by a wood borer insect in the larval stage. Samples of infested with larvae twigs, preserved in the laboratory, and in the same year in September a number of adults emerged. After identification this insect was found to be Nathrius (Leptidea) brevipennis (Mulsant 1839). This species caused important damage in the almond trees of the Avliotes area of Corfu during the years 1975-1976. In 1977, N. brevipennis was found in Ioannina county on walnut trees (Juglans regia L.) and in 1980, it was found in Metsovo area on almond trees.

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