Differences in proleptic and epicormic shoot structures in relation to water deficit and growth rate in almond trees (Prunus dulcis)

Sausage made from pork meat, emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum Schübler), almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.), and hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) was integrated with a mix of Punica granatum and Citrus spp. extracts to evaluate the possible effects on the growth and oxidation of spoilage microorganisms. Two concentrations of the mix were added, respectively, during sausage-making, and the final products were compared with a control group, without the extract mix, during storage. The use of the mix, especially at 10 g/1000 g of the whole ingredients, delayed the pH drop and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARs) value during storage. Total viable count, lactic acid bacteria and psychrotrophic microbial counts were also affected, as the extract mix lowered the maximum growth rate of the microbial population considered. The sensory analyses revealed an improvement in the shelf-life of 6 and 16 days, respectively, when 5‰ and 10‰ of the mix were used.

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Physical mechanisms produced in the development of nursery almond trees (Prunus dulcis Miller) as a response to the plant adaptation to different substrates

Rhizosphere ◽

10.1016/j.rhisph.2016.12.002 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 44-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alba Mondragón-Valero ◽

Isabel Lopéz-Cortés ◽

Domingo M. Salazar ◽

Pascual Fernández de Córdova

Keyword(s):

Prunus Dulcis ◽

Plant Adaptation ◽

Physical Mechanisms ◽

Almond Trees

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Leaf mass per unit leaf area decreases as light is eliminated within almond trees (Prunus dulcis)

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2018.1219.26 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 157-162

Author(s):

D. Monks ◽

C. Taylor ◽

M.T. Treeby

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Prunus Dulcis ◽

Unit Leaf Area ◽

Leaf Mass ◽

Unit Leaf ◽

Almond Trees

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Influence of Inoculation Date on the Colonization of Xylella fastidiosa and the Persistence of Almond Leaf Scorch Disease Among Almond Cultivars

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-05-10-0327 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 95 (2) ◽

pp. 158-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Tiesen Cao ◽

Joseph H. Connell ◽

Margot Wilhelm ◽

Bruce C. Kirkpatrick

Keyword(s):

Xylella Fastidiosa ◽

Prunus Dulcis ◽

Current Season ◽

Leaf Scorch ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Almond Trees ◽

Cultivar Susceptibility ◽

June July ◽

July August September ◽

Almond Leaf Scorch

Field grown 2-year-old almond trees (Prunus dulcis cvs. Butte, Carmel, Mission, Ne Plus Ultra, Padre, Peerless, Price, Solano, Sonora, and Thompson) were mechanically inoculated with Xylella fastidiosa in the growing seasons of 2002 and 2003 to study the effect of inoculation date on the movement and colonization of X. fastidiosa and the overwintering persistence of almond leaf scorch disease (ALS) in these cultivars. X. fastidiosa was inoculated into the base of current-season growing shoots in April, May, June, July, August, September, and October. Almond trees inoculated in spring months developed more ALS-symptomatic leaves and more extensive within-plant spread of X. fastidiosa by the end of the current growing season compared with trees inoculated in July, August, September, and October. Trees inoculated in June developed the most severe ALS symptoms during the season in which they were inoculated. Trees inoculated in June and July 2002 had significantly higher disease ratings in 2003 than inoculations made in August and October 2002. Based on disease ratings observed in 2003, 1 year after inoculation, Sonora and Solano were the most ALS susceptible, Mission and Price intermediate, and Carmel, Padre, Ne Plus Ultra, Butte, Peerless, and Thompson were the least susceptible cultivars for allowing X. fastidiosa to overwinter and cause disease the following year. Assessment of all trees in August 2004 indicated that trees inoculated in June and July 2002 had a significantly higher amount of ALS-infected branches than trees inoculated in other months. Butte, Carmel, Padre, and Thompson cultivars had no symptomatic branches, while X. fastidiosa infections persisted or colonized new branches in Sonora, Solano, Peerless, Price, Mission, and Ne Plus Ultra. Based on the 2004 assessment, Sonora was the most susceptible cultivar. Surveys of a diseased orchard in Chico, CA showed large differences in ALS incidence in four almond cultivars. Nonpareil and Peerless had significantly greater incidence of disease than Butte and Carmel over the 2 years surveyed. These data suggest that cultivar susceptibility and the time of X. fastidiosa infection are important factors in determining the persistence of ALS in almond trees.

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INFLUENCE OF PREHARVEST IRRIGATION CUTOFF DURATION AND POSTHARVEST WATER DEPRIVATION IN ALMOND

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1172b ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 1172b-1172

Author(s):

David Goldhamer ◽

Mario Viveros ◽

Ken Shackel

Keyword(s):

Water Potential ◽

Water Deprivation ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Prunus Dulcis ◽

Rooting Depth ◽

Kernel Size ◽

Predawn Leaf Water Potential ◽

Almond Trees ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Kernel Yield

Previously well irrigated mature `Nonpareil' almond trees (Prunus dulcis) were subjected to varying periods of water deprivation prior to harvest and then to either full or no postharvest irrigation. Eight preharvest water deprivation (PWD) lengths ranging from 14 to 63 days were evaluated on a sandy loam soil with a rooting depth of about 1.5 m.Development of tree water deficits occurred rapidly following PWD. Predawn leaf water potential decreased to about -1.8 and -3.1 MPa after 10 and 20 days, respectively. Defoliation began about 30 days after PWD and trees subjected to more than 50 days completely defoliated. The rate of hull split was directly related to the PWD duration. With early cutoffs, the size of the hull split-arrested nuts at harvest was large compared with the same nut type in later cutoffs suggesting that as nuts develop, large nuts are preferential sinks for assimilates. Kernel size was only mildly reduced by PWD during the first study year. There was a trend toward lower total kernel yield with longer PWD as a result of smaller kernel girth but yield differences were not significant. The number of nuts remaining in the tree after shaking was not related to PWD. Bark strength increased after PWD with 10 to 14 days required to prevent shaker damage. Postharvest irrigation resulted in late season defoliation but no rebloom. Bloom density reductions in 1990 were related more to the lack of 1989 postharvest irrigation than to early PWD.

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Regulation of Nitrogen Uptake at the Whole-plant Level: A Study in Almond Trees

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.9.4.598 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 598-600 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Farbod Youssefi ◽

Patrick H. Brown ◽

Steve A. Weinbaum

Keyword(s):

N Uptake ◽

Prunus Dulcis ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Tree Level ◽

Soil N ◽

Phloem Sap ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Soil N Uptake ◽

Almond Trees ◽

Plant Level

It has been proposed that a pool of amino N, whose size is determined by aboveground N demand, cycles in the plant and regulates soil N uptake by exerting an inhibitory effect at the root level. Several experiments were carried out to study this hypothesis in almond trees [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb]. Based on the evidence found, there is an association, at the whole tree level, between sap N content and soil N uptake. The data are consistent with the possibility that increased phloem sap amino acids result in decreased uptake of soil N.

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