scholarly journals Evaluation of dose–response relationship between smoking load and cardiopulmonary fitness in adult smokers: A cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.T. Lauria ◽  
E.F. Sperandio ◽  
T.L.W. de Sousa ◽  
W. de Oliveira Vieira ◽  
M. Romiti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Fitness

Ascertaining the Need for a Supervised Injecting Facility (SIF): The Burden of Public Injecting in Montreal, Canada

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 713-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Traci Green ◽  
Catherine Hankins ◽  
Darlène Palmer ◽  
Jean-François Boivin ◽  
Robert Platt
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Housing Stability ◽  
Supervised Injection Facility ◽  
Supervised Injection

Empirical evidence suggests that a key prerequisite for a supervised injection facility (SIF) utilization is the existence of an “open drug scene,” where users publicly inject drugs. This study seeks to determine the extent and profile of public injecting among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Montreal, Canada, where pilot SIFs are under consideration. A cross-sectional study of IDUs who injected publicly at least once in the previous month was appended to an HIV-risk surveillance study among Montreal IDUs (SurvUDI study). Of 650 SurvUDI participants interviewed between June 2001 and February 2002, 59% were eligible. A dose-response relationship emerged between intensity of public injecting and several drug-use and risk-related characteristics. Regardless of housing stability, IDUs persistently and, often preferably, publicly injected due to habit, dependence, or need to conceal their status. Despite lacking a classical open drug scene, public injecting is common among Montreal IDUs, warranting the consideration of an SIF for this population.

scholarly journals Dose-response relationship of reported lifetime meditation practice with mental-health and wellbeing: A cross sectional study

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Ian Bowles ◽  
Jonathan Nicholas Davies ◽  
Nicholas T Van Dam
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Meditation Practice ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Practice Time

Objectives: Experimental studies of meditation practice predominantly examine short-term programs and reveal modest benefits. Thus it is not clear to what degree these results represent how contemporary meditators practice nor the dose-response relationship between amount of practice and outcome. This study sought to characterize how contemporary meditators practice; examine any possible dose-response relationships between historical practice and measures of psychological wellbeing; and explore which characteristics of practice most strongly predict positive psychological outcomes.Methods: 1,668 meditators completed demographic and practice characteristics, and outcome measures assessing positive and negative affect, psychological distress, and life satisfaction.Results: We observed a positive relationship between historical meditation practice (accumulated lifetime hours) and improvements in psychological outcomes. Model fit was optimized with a generalized additive model, indicating non-linear effects. The strength of the relationship between practice time and outcomes was generally strongest for the first ~500 hours, before plateauing to some degree. Several practice types, including Vipassana (as taught by S.N. Goenka) and cultivating practices (e.g. compassion, lovingkindness) were more strongly associated with favorable psychological outcomes.Conclusions: Benefits of meditation accrue over time in a non-linear manner, and show variation based on the context within which the meditator practices. These results highlight the importance of understanding how the benefits of meditation accrue over longer time durations than typical standardized programs that have been subject to most empirical investigations in the field.

scholarly journals Setting-Specific and Symptom-Specific Association between Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Depressive Symptoms

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1249
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Ye ◽  
Jingya Huang ◽  
Liang Xia ◽  
Xiaojun Xu ◽  
Xiao Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
The Impact

Few studies have focused on the potential relationship between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and depressive symptoms. This study aimed to explore the potential association between SHS exposure and depressive symptoms and differentiate this association in setting-specific exposure and symptom-specific outcomes. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Guangdong province of China from September to December 2010 using a multistage sampling method to randomly sample adults aged 18 years and older. SHS exposure was defined as inhalation by non-smokers of the smoke exhaled from smokers for at least 1 day a week in the past 30 days. Depressive symptoms were measured using the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire. The zero-inflate negative binomial regression models were used to explore the associations between SHS exposure and depressive symptoms. A total of 2771 non-smokers were included in this study, with mean age of 49.6 ± 14.0 years and 70.3% of females. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was significantly higher in participants with SHS exposure than in those without exposure (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16–1.51), and there were similar positive associations for SHS exposure in medical facilities (IRR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.17–1.61) and in schools (IRR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.20–1.77). Notably, there was a monotonically increasing dose-response relationship between frequency of SHS exposure and depressive symptoms. When differentiating this relationship by the dimensions of depressive symptoms, there were similar dose-response relationships for cognitive-affective and somatic symptoms. When differentiating this relationship by sex, only females showed a significant dose-response relationship. Our findings suggest dose-response relationships between SHS exposure and depressive symptoms in sex-specific and symptom-specific manners. Future longitudinal studies are needed to establish the biological mechanisms of the impact of SHS exposure.

scholarly journals Association between Soft Drink Consumption and Asthma among Qatari Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amna Ibrahim ◽  
Bushra Qamar ◽  
Sundus Fituri ◽  
Zoha Akbar ◽  
Tamara Al-Abdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Soft Drink Consumption ◽  
Clear Dose Response

We aimed to examine the association between soft drink consumption and asthma and lung function among Qatari adults. In the cross-sectional study, we used data from 986 Qatari participants aged 20 years and above attending the Qatar Biobank Study. Usual consumption of soft drink was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Lung function was measured by spirometry and asthma was based on self-report. The associations between soft drink consumption and asthma and lung function were assessed using multivariable logistic and linear regression, respectively. In total, 65 participants out of 986 (6.6%) reported having asthma. A clear dose-response relationship between soft drink consumption and asthma was found. High soft drink consumers (≥7 times/week) were 2.60 (95% CI 1.20–5.63) times more likely to have asthma as compared to non-consumers. The association was partly mediated by BMI and inflammation. Diet soft drink consumption was positively associated with asthma (OR 1.12 (95% CI 1.02–1.23)) but not with lung function. Regular soft drink consumption was inversely associated with FEV1, but not with FVC. In conclusion, soft drink consumption is positively associated with asthma in Qatari adults. The association is partly mediated by obesity and inflammation. Limiting soft drink consumption should be taken into consideration for asthma prevention.

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