Resource availability for household biogas production in rural China

Stress in caregivers may affect the healthcare recipients receive. We examined the impact of stress experienced by 45 adult caregivers of their elderly demented parents. The participants completed a 32-item questionnaire about the impact of experienced stress. The questionnaire also asked about interventions that might help to reduce the impact of stress. After exploratory factor analysis, we reduced the 32-item questionnaire to 13 items. Results indicated that caregivers experienced stress, anxiety, and sadness. Also, emotional, but not financial or professional, well-being was significantly impacted. There was no significant difference between the impact of caregiver stress on members from the sandwich generation and those from the nonsandwich generation. Meeting with a social worker for resource availability was identified most frequently as a potentially helpful intervention for coping with the impact of stress.

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Validity of Proxy-Based Reports of Impulsivity and Aggression in Chinese Research on Suicidal Behavior

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000019 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 137-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Jing An ◽

Michael R. Phillips ◽

Kenneth R. Conner

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Rural China ◽

Suicide Attempters ◽

Barratt Impulsiveness Scale ◽

Single Location ◽

Aggression Questionnaire ◽

Community Controls

Background: In studies about the risk factors for suicidal behavior, the assessment of impulsiveness and aggression often depend on information from proxy informants. Aims: To assess the validity of proxy informants’ reports on impulsiveness and aggression in China. Methods: Modified Chinese versions of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-CV) and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ-CV) were administered to 131 suicide attempters treated at a hospital in rural China, to coresident relatives about the attempters, to 131 matched community controls, and to coresident relatives about the controls. Results: BIS-CV and AQ-CV total scores and subscale scores were all significantly higher for suicide attempters than for matched controls. Proxy informants considered subjects slightly more impulsive and aggressive than the subjects reported themselves. Subject-proxy concordance for total BIS-CV and AQ-CV scores were excellent for both attempters and controls (ICCs = 0.76–0.83). Concordance for the three BIS-CV subscales was 0.74–0.81 for attempters and 0.74–0.83 for controls. Concordance for the five AQ-CV subscales was 0.66–0.85 for attempters and 0.56–0.82 for controls. Limitations: Results are based on respondents from a single location in rural China. Conclusions: The results support the validity of the BIS-CV and AQ-CV and of research on suicidal behavior in China that uses proxy-based reports of impulsiveness and aggression.

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Physical Illness and Suicide Risk in Rural Residents of Contemporary China

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000271 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 330-337 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Cun-Xian Jia ◽

Lin-Lin Wang ◽

Ai-Qiang Xu ◽

Ai-Ying Dai ◽

Ping Qin

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Family Income ◽

Rural China ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Health Condition ◽

Physical Illness ◽

Rural Residents ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Study Population

Background: Physical illness is linked with an increased risk of suicide; however, evidence from China is limited. Aims: To assess the influence of physical illness on risk of suicide among rural residents of China, and to examine the differences in the characteristics of people completing suicide with physical illness from those without physical illness. Method: In all, 200 suicide cases and 200 control subjects, 1:1 pair-matched on sex and age, were included from 25 townships of three randomly selected counties in Shandong Province, China. One informant for each suicide or control subject was interviewed to collect data on the physical health condition and psychological and sociodemographic status. Results: The prevalence of physical illness in suicide cases (63.0%) was significantly higher than that in paired controls (41.0%; χ2 = 19.39, p < .001). Compared with suicide cases without physical illness, people who were physically ill and completed suicide were generally older, less educated, had lower family income, and reported a mental disorder less often. Physical illness denoted a significant risk factor for suicide with an associated odds ratio of 3.23 (95% CI: 1.85–5.62) after adjusted for important covariates. The elevated risk of suicide increased progressively with the number of comorbid illnesses. Cancer, stroke, and a group of illnesses comprising dementia, hemiplegia, and encephalatrophy had a particularly strong effect among the commonly reported diagnoses in this study population. Conclusion: Physical illness is an important risk factor for suicide in rural residents of China. Efforts for suicide prevention are needed and should be integrated with national strategies of health care in rural China.

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Social development of modern Russia: trends, risks, prospects

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2018-10-76-89 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 76-89

Author(s):

E. M. Avraamova ◽

V. N. Titov

Keyword(s):

Middle Class ◽

Social Development ◽

Social Structure ◽

Structure Formation ◽

Resource Availability ◽

Social Dynamics ◽

Quantitative Estimation ◽

Resource Potential ◽

Institutional Conditions ◽

Resource Characteristics

The analysis of present-time directions in the study of social development has allowed to identify the resource approach as the most productive one which enables to assess social dynamics through the range of resource characteristics of different population groups and abilities of the relevant groups to apply development resources in the current economic and institutional conditions. Basing on the sociological survey conducted by ISAP RANEPA, the quantitative estimation of material and social recourses of the population has been made; integral values of the resource potential have been calculated as well. The issues of social structure formation are analyzed through the aspect of resource availability; the barriers of Russian middle-class enlargement are defined.

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Potential of Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch as Biogas Substrate

ICONIET PROCEEDING ◽

10.33555/iconiet.v2i1.11 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 59-64

Author(s):

Vincentius Vincentius ◽

Evita H. Legowo ◽

Irvan S. Kartawiria

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Fermentation Process ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Wastewater Sludge ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

Alternative Source ◽

The Earth ◽

The One ◽

Wet Fermentation ◽

Water Ratio

Natural gas is a source of energy that comes from the earth which is depleting every day, an alternative source of energy is needed and one of the sources comes from biogas. There is an abundance of empty fruit bunch (EFB) that comes from palm oil plantation that can become a substrate for biogas production. A methodology of fermentation based on Verein Deutscher Ingenieure was used to utilize EFB as a substrate to produce biogas using biogas sludge and wastewater sludge as inoculum in wet fermentation process under mesophilic condition. Another optimization was done by adding a different water ratio to the inoculum mixture. In 20 days, an average of 6gr from 150gr of total EFB used in each sample was consumed by the microbes. The best result from 20 days of experiment with both biogas sludge and wastewater sludge as inoculum were the one added with 150gr of water that produced 2910ml and 2185ml of gas respectively. The highest CH 4 produced achieved from biogas sludge and wastewater sludge with an addition of 150gr of water to the inoculum were 27% and 22% CH 4 respectively. This shows that biogas sludge is better in term of volume of gas that is produced and CH percentage.

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