Demonstration of the integrated rural energy planning framework for sustainable energy development in low-income countries: Case studies of rural communities in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 110983
Author(s):  
B. Ugwoke ◽  
S. Sulemanu ◽  
S.P. Corgnati ◽  
P. Leone ◽  
J.M. Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Energy Planning ◽  
Rural Energy ◽  
Planning Framework

scholarly journals Analyzing Actors’ Engagement in Sustainable Energy Planning at the Local Level in Ghana: An Empirical Study

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2028
Author(s):  
Hassan Qudrat-Ullah ◽  
Mark McCarthy Akrofi ◽  
Aymen Kayal
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Energy Planning ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Local Actors

Actors play a crucial role in sustainable energy development yet interaction in different contexts is an area that has not received much scholarly attention. Sustainable energy transitions theories such as the Multi-Level Perspective, for instance, have been criticized for not describing precisely the nature of the interactions between actors and institutions within socio-technical systems. The goal of this study was to empirically examine local actors’ engagement and its impact on the planning and implementation of sustainable energy initiatives in the villages and remote areas in Ghana. Using the mixed methodology approach, interviews were performed, focus discussion groups were held, and archival data were collected, and social network modeling and case study analysis was performed. Our findings showed that sustainable energy development at the local level depends on an interplay between local government agencies, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), central government agencies, local communities, and private sector organizations. Despite being the focal point at the local level, local government involvement in sustainable energy planning is limited. In the case of Ghana, sustainable energy planning remains centralized and is manifested in a low level of awareness of local actors on national energy plans. The implication for decision makers is that energy planning functions should be devolved to the local government. Such devolution is expected to ensure the integration of sustainable energies into local government plans for the well-coordinated implementation and effective monitoring of sustainable energy projects.

scholarly journals Case Studies in Tax Revenue Mobilization in Low-Income Countries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardin Akitoby ◽  
Jiro Honda ◽  
Hiroaki Miyamoto ◽  
Keyra Primus ◽  
Mouhamadou Sy
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Tax Revenue

Enhancing Financial Sector Surveillance in Low-Income Countries - Case Studies

Policy Papers ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Financial Deepening ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Investor Confidence ◽  
Balanced Approach ◽  
Regulation Of Financial Markets ◽  
Macroeconomic Environment

This supplement presents ten case studies, which highlight the roles of targeted policies to facilitate sustainable financial deepening in a variety of country circumstances, reflecting historical experiences that parallel a range of markets in LICs. The case studies were selected to broadly capture efforts by countries to increase reach (e.g., financial inclusion), depth (e.g., financial intermediation), and breadth of financial systems (e.g., capital market, cross-border development). The analysis in the case studies highlights the importance of a balanced approach to financial deepening. A stable macroeconomic environment is vital to instill consumer, institutional, and investor confidence necessary to encourage financial market activity. Targeted public policy initiatives (e.g., collateral, payment systems development) can be helpful in removing impediments and creating infrastructure for improved market operations, while ensuring appropriate oversight and regulation of financial markets, to address potential sources of instability and market failures.

Experiences with stakeholder involvement in strategic sanitation planning: a case study of the city of Darkhan, Mongolia

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sigel ◽  
J. Stäudel ◽  
J. Londong
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Sustainable Implementation ◽  
Planning Framework ◽  
Planning Approach ◽  
Scientific Outputs ◽  
The City

Stakeholder involvement is a prerequisite in urban strategic sanitation planning, particularly in low-income countries. This paper investigates the experiences and lessons learnt in terms of effective stakeholder involvement gained from a case study on strategic sanitation planning in a peri-urban sub-district in the city of Darkhan, Mongolia. Conceptually the Darkhan case study builds on a participatory sanitation planning approach known in the literature as community-led urban environmental sanitation (CLUES) planning. Firstly, a brief introduction to the CLUES approach, its basic principles for effective stakeholder involvement and its adaptation to the Darkhan case study is given. Secondly, two relevant planning steps including the building and testing of pilot facilities are described and assessed in terms of effective stakeholder involvement. It is shown that even if not all basic principles could be fulfilled adequately, the participatory planning framework helped to improve the scientific outputs of the project – mainly the technological research and development – and to smooth the way for further actions towards the sustainable implementation of measures on a larger scale.

scholarly journals Public Health and Epidemiology Informatics: Recent Research Trends Moving toward Public Health Data Science

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 231-234
Author(s):  
Sébastien Cossin ◽  
Rodolphe Thiébaut ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Editorial Committee ◽  
Disease Surveillance System ◽  
Public Health Data

Objectives: To introduce and summarize current research in the field of Public Health and Epidemiology Informatics. Methods: PubMed searches of 2019 literature concerning public health and epidemiology informatics were conducted and the returned references were reviewed by the two section editors to select 14 candidate best papers. These papers were then peer-reviewed by external reviewers to allow the Editorial Committee a curated selection of the best papers. Results: Among the 835 references retrieved from PubMed, two were finally selected as best papers. The first best paper leverages satellite images and deep learning to identify remote rural communities in low-income countries; the second paper describes the development of a worldwide human disease surveillance system based on near real-time news data from the GDELT project. Internet data and electronic health records are still widely used to detect and monitor disease activity. Identifying and targeting specific audiences for public health interventions is a growing subject of interest. Conclusions: The ever-increasing amount of data available offers endless opportunities to develop methods and tools that could assist public health surveillance and intervention belonging to the growing field of public health Data Science. The transition from proofs of concept to real world applications and adoption by health authorities remains a difficult leap to make.

scholarly journals Vaping Shadows Tobacco Control: Imperatives for Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-44
Author(s):  
Keivan Ahmadi ◽  
Ireneous N. Soyiri
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Multilevel Marketing ◽  
Shopping Centres ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Unpublished Observation

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been the subject of numerous debates in the literature. (Bullen et al., 2013; Cressey, 2014; The Lancet, 2013) So much discussion has been on it this year alone to the extent that the word vape, which means ‘to inhale and exhale the vapour produced by an e-cigarette or similar device’, has become the Oxford Dictionaries Word of the year. E-cigarettes have gained popularity amongst the youth who are smokers and want to quit as well as among children and adult non-smokers who fancy it. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013; Dawkins, Turner, Roberts & Soar, 2013; Emery, Vera, Huang & Szczypka, 2014; News & Angeles, n.d.; Serrie, 2014; US Drug and Food Administration, 2014) Even in rural communities in middle- and low-income countries, their availability in shopping centres and through multilevel marketing schemes is common (I.N.S., unpublished observation/data).

scholarly journals Tracking the effects of COVID-19 in rural China over time

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Wang ◽  
Markus Zhang ◽  
Robin Li ◽  
Oliver Zhong ◽  
Hannah Johnstone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Government Aid ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background China issued strict nationwide guidelines to combat the COVID-19 outbreak in January 2020 and gradually loosened the restrictions on movement in early March. Little is known about how these disease control measures affected the 600 million people who live in rural China. The goal of this paper is to document the quarantine measures implemented in rural China outside the epicenter of Hubei Province and to assess the socioeconomic effect of the measures on rural communities over time. Methods We conducted three rounds of interviews with informants from 726 villages in seven provinces, accounting for over 25% of China’s overall rural population. The survey collected data on rural quarantine implementation; COVID-19 infections and deaths in the survey villages; and effects of the quarantine on employment, income, education, health care, and government policies to address any negative impacts. The empirical findings of the work established that strict quarantine measures were implemented in rural villages throughout China in February. Results There was little spread of COVID-19 in rural communities: an infection rate of 0.001% and zero deaths reported in our sample. However, there were negative social and economic outcomes, including high rates of unemployment, falling household income, rising prices, and disrupted student learning. Health care was generally accessible, but many delayed their non-COVID-19 health care due to the quarantine measures. Only 20% of villagers received any form of local government aid, and only 11% of villages received financial subsidies. There were no reports of national government aid programs that targeted rural villagers in the sample areas. Conclusions By examining the economic and social effects of the COVID-19 restrictions in rural communities, this study will help to guide other middle- and low-income countries in their containment and restorative processes. Without consideration for economically vulnerable populations, economic hardships and poverty will likely continue to have a negative impact on the most susceptible communities.

scholarly journals Impact of social isolation on mortality and morbidity in 20 high-income, middle-income and low-income countries in five continents

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e004124
Author(s):  
Ryo Naito ◽  
Darryl P Leong ◽  
Shrikant Ishver Bangdiwala ◽  
Martin McKee ◽  
S V Subramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
High Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

ObjectiveTo examine the association between social isolation and mortality and incident diseases in middle-aged adults in urban and rural communities from high-income, middle-income and low-income countries.DesignPopulation-based prospective observational study.SettingUrban and rural communities in 20 high income, middle income and low income.Participants119 894 community-dwelling middle-aged adults.Main outcome measuresAssociations of social isolation with mortality, cardiovascular death, non-cardiovascular death and incident diseases.ResultsSocial isolation was more common in middle-income and high-income countries compared with low-income countries, in urban areas than rural areas, in older individuals and among women, those with less education and the unemployed. It was more frequent among smokers and those with a poorer diet. Social isolation was associated with greater risk of mortality (HR of 1.26, 95% CI: 1.17 to 1.36), incident stroke (HR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.40), cardiovascular disease (HR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.25) and pneumonia (HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.37), but not cancer. The associations between social isolation and mortality were observed in populations in high-income, middle-income and low-income countries (HR (95% CI): 1.69 (1.32 to 2.17), 1.27 (1.15 to 1.40) and 1.47 (1.25 to 1.73), respectively, interaction p=0.02). The HR associated with social isolation was greater in men than women and in younger than older individuals. Mediation analyses for the association between social isolation and mortality showed that unhealthy behaviours and comorbidities may account for about one-fifth of the association.ConclusionSocial isolation is associated with increased risk of mortality in countries at different economic levels. The increasing share of older people in populations in many countries argues for targeted strategies to mitigate its adverse effects.

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