Performances of a multi-product strategy for bioethanol, lignin, and ultra-high surface area carbon from lignocellulose by PHP (phosphoric acid plus hydrogen peroxide) pretreatment platform

2021 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 111503
Author(s):  
Zhanglin Liu ◽  
Xue Wan ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Dong Tian ◽  
Jinguang Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Product Strategy

Three-dimensional flower-like phosphorus-doped g-C3N4 with a high surface area for visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (34) ◽  
pp. 16485-16494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyong Yang ◽  
Yuming Zhou ◽  
Yanyun Wang ◽  
Saichun Hu ◽  
Beibei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Cyanuric Acid ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Phosphorus Doped ◽  
Visible Light Photocatalytic

Flower-like phosphorus-doped g-C3N4 with a high surface area was synthesized using cyanuric acid–melamine supramolecular precursors which were absorbed by phosphoric acid.

Influence of Acid-Treatment on Waste Lignin for Synthesis of Carbon Nanoparticle

2019 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Nutchaporn Ngamthanacom ◽  
Napat Kaewtrakulchai ◽  
Weerawut Chaiwat ◽  
Laemthong Chuenchom ◽  
Masayoshi Fuji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Nanoparticles ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Fourier Transforms ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Carbon Nanoparticle ◽  
Nitrogen Sorption

Waste lignin (WL) obtained from paper mills, was studied for its potential application in preparing carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) with high porosity. This was done by impregnation of 0, 5, 10 and 20% concentrations of phosphoric acid under various carbonization temperatures (600, 700, 800 and 900°C). The physicochemical properties of CNPs were characterized through nitrogen sorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Nitrogen sorption revealed that the condition using 10% concentration of phosphoric acid treatment at a carbonization temperature of 700°C formed carbon nanoparticles with a highly porous structure (Surface area 27.65 m2/g and pore volume 0.07 cm3/g). Additionally, in order to high surface area, porosity and concentrated carbon nanoparticle.

High surface area porous carbons prepared from hydrochars by phosphoric acid activation

2011 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 1947-1950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Wang ◽  
Yupeng Guo ◽  
Bo Zou ◽  
Chunguang Rong ◽  
Xiaoyu Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Acid Activation ◽  
Porous Carbons ◽  
Phosphoric Acid Activation

Phosphoric Acid Effect on Prepared Activated Carbon from Saudi Arabia’s Date Frond Waste

2011 ◽  
Vol 110-116 ◽  
pp. 2124-2130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahim Yacob ◽  
Hassan M. Al Swaidan
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Palm Tree

High surface area activated carbon has always fascinated researchers for its application as adsorbent, for water purification, medical and industrial. Date is the major export of Saudi Arabia, while tons of date foliar and fronds are troublesome and yet to be disposed. Transforming this waste into usable activated carbon can be a good idea for recycling, sustainable and green chemistry. In this study, date tree frond is selected to prepare activated carbon, while the effect of phosphoric acid in chemical activation is studied. Using thermogravimetry analysis, it was found that 400oC was the best temperature to convert date frond to carbon. This is supported by FTIR spectroscopy. Various concentration of phosphoric acid is used to optimize the product high surface area carbon obtained and it was found the best is at 60% phosphoric acid with the highest surface area of 1139 m2g-1. This result is also supported by FTIR spectroscopy, which indicates the similarities between commercial carbon and the carbon prepared. FESEM pictographs show chemical activation using phosphoric acid can easily open up pores and cavity of the prepared activated carbon the get the high surface area. It is thus suggested that for mass production of high surface area carbon, date palm frond is used as the source of raw material, due to its abundance and availability comes from the pruning process on the date palm tree, while chemically activated to get the high surface area.

Tenacious Mass Transfer Limitations Drive Catalytic Selectivity during Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kailun Yang ◽  
Recep Kas ◽  
Wilson A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Catalyst Layer ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Active Surface Area ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Copper Electrodes ◽  
Surface Enhanced ◽  
Local Current

<p>This study evaluated the performance of the commonly used strong buffer electrolytes, i.e. phosphate buffers, during CO<sub>2</sub> electroreduction in neutral pH conditions by using in-situ surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS). Unfortunately, the buffers break down a lot faster than anticipated which has serious implications on many studies in the literature such as selectivity and kinetic analysis of the electrocatalysts. Increasing electrolyte concentration, surprisingly, did not extend the potential window of the phosphate buffers due to dramatic increase in hydrogen evolution reaction. Even high concentration phosphate buffers (1 M) break down within the potentials (-1 V vs RHE) where hydrocarbons are formed on copper electrodes. We have extended the discussion to high surface area electrodes by evaluating electrodes composed of copper nanowires. We would like highlight that it is not possible to cope with high local current densities on these high surface area electrodes by using high buffer capacity solutions and the CO<sub>2</sub> electrocatalysts are needed to be evaluated by casting thin nanoparticle films onto inert substrates as commonly employed in fuel cell reactions and up to now scarcely employed in CO<sub>2</sub> electroreduction. In addition, we underscore that normalization of the electrocatalytic activity to the electrochemical active surface area is not the ultimate solution due to concentration gradient along the catalyst layer.This will “underestimate” the activity of high surface electrocatalyst and the degree of underestimation will depend on the thickness, porosity and morphology of the catalyst layer. </p> <p> </p>

Activated carbon from molasses efficiency for Cr(VI), Pb(II) and Cu(II) adsorption: A mechanistic study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Good Potential

Activated carbon was prepared from molasses, which are natural precursors of vegetable origin resulting from the sugar industry. A simple elaboration process, based on chemical activation with phosphoric acid, was proposed. The final product, prepared by activation of molasses/phosphoric acid mixture in air at 500°C, presented high surface area (more than 1400 m2/g) and important maximum adsorption capacity for methylene blue (625 mg/g) and iodine (1660 mg/g). The activated carbon (MP2(500)) showed a good potential for the adsorption of Cr(VI), Cu(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. The affinity for the three ions was observed in the following order Cu2+ Cr6+ Pb2+. The process is governed by monolayer adsorption following the Langmuir model, with a correlation coefficient close to unity.

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