Activated Carbons derived by Phosphoric acid Activation of Agricultural waste and their Adsorption of Methylene Blue

Agricultural wastes can be considered as suitable raw materials for activated carbon production, as activated carbon is considered as an economical adsorption material. Seeds from biomass of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam, grown in Algerian have been valorized for activated carbon production by the phosphoric acid, activation method with pyrolysis temperatures of 400, 500 and 600 °C. The effect of changes in pyrolysis temperatures on the yield and quality of the prepared activated carbon was studied. The obtained activated carbons were characterized by FT-IR and MB adsorption, a good yield of 38,625 %, a high BET surface area of 915,58 m2/g. The removal rate of methylene blue was strongly influenced by contact time, adsorbent mass and pH. An excellent removal % of methylene blue (MB) was obtained at the preferred temperature of 500 °C (AC 500).

Removal of nitrobenzene from water using activated carbon prepared from water hyacinth

The prevailing study is of the adsorption efficiency of nitrobenzene onto the activated carbon prepared from the water hyacinth by phosphoric acid activation under the considerations of effect of pH (2,4,6,8,10 and 12) of nitrobenzene sample and consequence of initial concentration (20,100 and 200mg L−1) and contact time. The samples were analysed in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The outcome shows that the change in pH of the nitrobenzene sample does not impact the adsorption capacity or adsorption rate. But whereas, the increase in original concentration of nitrobenzene has shown that the adsorption of nitrobenzene was rapid at initial stages and gradually increased with time till the stability is reached with the adsorption values of 19.3, 84.7 and 158.3 for initial concentrations of 20,100 and 200mg g−1 respectively. This study indicates that activated carbon formulated from water hyacinth is efficient for the removal of the nitrobenzene from the water.

Preparation of Activated Carbon from Bagasse by Microwave-Assisted Phosphoric Acid Activation

This research focuses on the utilization of bagasse as activated carbon (AC) under microwave-assisted phosphoric acid activation. The AC was activated using various frequencies of microwave energy combined with phosphoric acid before the carbonization process. Results indicated that the AC obtained from bagasse under microwave-assisted phosphoric acid had improved properties, i.e. fixed carbon, surface area, and iodine adsorption capacity. However, the loss of AC properties could be attributed to microwave energy exceeding a limit of 800 W. The optimum activated condition in this research was the use of microwave energy 500 W assisted phosphoric acid, which had fixed carbon, surface area, and iodine adsorption capacity at 88.34 ± 0.67 %, 781 m2/g, and 852 ± 6.0 mg/g, respectively. HIGHLIGHTS Microwave energy and phosphoric acid is applied to pretreat bagasse Bagasse pretreatment by microwave-assisted H3PO4 enhances the properties of AC Optimum condition is pretreatment by phosphoric acid and microwave energy at 500 W GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT