Assessing the growth rate of endangered Franciscana dolphin in Argentina, South America

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 101479
Author(s):  
Manuel O. Cáceres ◽  
Iris Cáceres-Saez ◽  
Eduardo R. Secchi ◽  
M. Fernanda Negri ◽  
M. Victoria Panebianco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
South America ◽  
Franciscana Dolphin

Phyllachora dalbergiae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Host Genus ◽  
Wind Currents

Abstract A description is provided for Phyllachora dalbergiae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Known from Dalbergia ferruginea, D. latifolia, D. nitidula, D. sissoo, D. stipulacea and D. variabilis. DISEASE: Causes a leaf spot of Dalbergia species. No research into the epidemiology or virulence of this disease has been carried out, but as the host genus is prominent and widespread it seems unlikely that serious damage is caused. In cases where the fungus is well established on the host, however, significant retardation of the growth rate must result. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Tanzania, Zimbabwe. Asia: Burma, India, Philippines. South America: Brazil. TRANSMISSION: This has not been studied, but it almost certainly occurs through the air-borne dispersal of ascospores in wind currents, which then directly infect the host leaves.

Determining factor of xylem maturation in Eucalyptus grandis planted in different latitudes and climatic divisions of South America: a view based on fiber length

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1971-1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miho Kojima ◽  
Fabio Minoru Yamaji ◽  
Hiroyuki Yamamoto ◽  
Masato Yoshida ◽  
Kouichiro Saegusa
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
South America ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Lateral Growth ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Determining Factor

The objective of this study was to determine the factor of xylem maturation in Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maid. planted in four different latitudes and climatic divisions of South America, based on the pattern of the radial distribution of fiber length. In the plantation closest to the equator, the extent of juvenile wood is determined by distance from the pith and is consistent from tree to tree, regardless of growth rate. In contrast, in the plantation farthest from the equator, xylem maturation is controlled by cambial age and varies from tree to tree, depending on growth rate. To produce as much mature wood as early as possible in E. grandis planted closer to the equator, lateral growth should be accelerated from the early growing stage, because the formation of mature wood starts after a certain trunk diameter is reached. Conversely, in plantations far from the equator, it is necessary to first arrest lateral growth at an early growth stage and then accelerate lateral growth after a certain cambium age is reached.

scholarly journals Morphometric changes in the hoof capsule of Criollo foals from birth to weaning

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
João Ricardo Malheiros de Souza ◽  
Anelise Maria Hammes Pimentel ◽  
Vinícius Azevedo Folle ◽  
João Pedro Hübbe Pfeifer ◽  
Aline Bacchieri Gallo Schuster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
South America ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Average Growth Rate ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Horse Breeding ◽  
Length Increase ◽  
Breeding Farms ◽  
Horse Owners ◽  
The Ideal

ABSTRACT: South America has numerous Criollo horse breeding farms; however, information on foal hoof growth is still limited and identifying the ideal periods to apply corrective trimming is a frequent concern for horse owners. In the present study, a morphometric analysis of hoof growth was performed on 46 Criollo foals from birth to weaning (0-8 months). Results showed that hoof growth rate was higher in the first four months followed by a decrease until the eighth month. Average growth rate of the hoof was 0.21cm per month, whereas that of the heel was 0.14cm per month. However, no significant differences were observed between medial and lateral heel length or between limbs. Coronary band perimeter and solar width showed an average increase of 0.97cm and 0.46cm per month, respectively, and were significantly correlated (r=0.99, P≤0.01). The characteristic most positively correlated to biometric variables was foal age, followed by solar width, toe length, and coronary band perimeter. In conclusion, hoof length increase in Criollo foals was more intensive during the first four months of life.

Acacia auriculiformis (northern black wattle).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanine Vélez-Gavilán
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
South America ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
Paper Pulp ◽  
Stem Form ◽  
Timber Products ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Black Wattle ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract Few other species can match the ability of A. auriculiformis to grow on harsh sites in the tropics. Its rapid early growth rate, ability to fix nitrogen, tolerance of infertile, acid, alkaline, saline or seasonally waterlogged soils and moderate dry seasons make it a useful species for the rehabilitation of degraded lands. It has been widely planted for fuelwood production, erosion control, ornament or shade mainly in Asia, but also in Africa and South America. The stem form can be improved significantly by selection and breeding, providing outstanding prospects for industrial plantations to produce paper pulp and other timber products.

scholarly journals Carbon Monitoring System Flux Net Biosphere Exchange 2020 (CMS-Flux NBE 2020)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junjie Liu ◽  
Latha Baskaran ◽  
Kevin Bowman ◽  
David Schimel ◽  
A. Anthony Bloom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
South America ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Seasonal Cycles ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Terrestrial Biosphere ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Observation Network ◽  
Uncertainty Estimates

Abstract. Here we present a global and regionally-resolved terrestrial net biosphere exchange (NBE) dataset with corresponding uncertainties between 2010–2018: CMS-Flux NBE 2020. It is estimated using the NASA Carbon Monitoring System Flux (CMS-Flux) top-down flux inversion system that assimilates column CO2 observations from Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) and the NASA’s Observing Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2). The regional monthly fluxes are readily accessible as tabular files, and the gridded fluxes are available in NetCDF format. The fluxes and their uncertainty estimates are evaluated by extensively comparing the posterior CO2 mole fractions with aircraft CO2 observations. We describe the characteristics of the dataset as global total, regional climatological mean, and regional annual fluxes and seasonal cycles. We find that the global total fluxes of the dataset agree with atmospheric CO2 growth observed by the surface-observation network within uncertainty. Averaged between 2010 and 2018, the tropical regions range from close-to neutral in tropical South America to a net source in Africa; these contrast the extra-tropics, which are a net sink of 2.5 ± 0.3 gigaton carbon per year. The regional satellite-constrained NBE estimates provide a unique perspective for understanding the terrestrial biosphere carbon dynamics and monitoring changes in regional contributions to the changes of atmospheric CO2 growth rate. The gridded and regional aggregated dataset can be accessed at: https://doi.org/10.25966%2F4v02-c391 (Liu et al., 2020).

Clustering Countries in the Context of the Pandemic and Underlying Conditions

2022 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Carolina Guevara-Rosero
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Economic Growth Rate ◽  
Government Effectiveness ◽  
Hospital Beds ◽  
Effectiveness Index

The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the state of underlying conditions of countries in terms of health system, sanitary infrastructure, governance, among others. This study aims to classify countries using COVID-19-related variables such as the lethality rate, the contagion growth rate, the stringency index, and underlying conditions of countries directly related to COVID-19 such as access to clean water, hospital beds per 10000 inhabitants, government effectiveness index, population older than 65 years old and economic growth rate. To determine the clusters of a set of countries from all continents (29 from Africa, 35 from Asia, 35 from Europe, 11 from North America, 2 from Oceania and 8 from South America), the k-means partitioning method is used. This approach consists in constructing partitions and evaluate their intra-class and inter-class similarity. Based on the results, three clusters are identified: i. Severely affected countries with high stringency and moderate capacity, ii. Moderately affected countries with moderate stringency and high capacity and iii. Severely affected countries with low stringency but low capacity.

The threshold energy for atom displacement in fcc metals

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-531
Author(s):  
Wilfried Sigle ◽  
Matthias Hohenstein ◽  
Alfred Seeger
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Threshold Energy ◽  
Dislocation Loops ◽  
Absolute Minimum ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Atom Displacement ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Fcc Metal

Prolonged electron irradiation of metals at elevated temperatures usually leads to the formation of large interstitial-type dislocation loops. The growth rate of the loops is proportional to the total cross-section for atom displacement,which is implicitly connected with the threshold energy for atom displacement, Ed . Thus, by measuring the growth rate as a function of the electron energy and the orientation of the specimen with respect to the electron beam, the anisotropy of Ed can be determined rather precisely. We have performed such experiments in situ in high-voltage electron microscopes on Ag and Au at 473K as a function of the orientation and on Au as a function of temperature at several fixed orientations.Whereas in Ag minima of Ed are found close to <100>,<110>, and <210> (13-18eV), (Fig.1) atom displacement in Au requires least energy along <100>(15-19eV) (Fig.2). Au is thus the first fcc metal in which the absolute minimum of the threshold energy has been established not to lie in or close to the <110> direction.

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