BackgroundThe high incidence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with psychosis is mainly attributed to antipsychotic treatment. However, it is also possible that psychological stress plays a role, inducing a chronic inflammatory process that may predispose to the development of metabolic abnormalities. We investigated the association between childhood maltreatment and inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers in subjects with first-episode psychosis and healthy controls.MethodBody mass index (BMI), weight and waist circumference were measured in 95 first-episode psychosis patients and 97 healthy controls. Inflammatory and metabolic markers were measured in a subsample of 28 patients and 45 controls. In all the subjects we collected information on childhood maltreatment and recent stressors.ResultsPatients with childhood maltreatment had higher BMI [25.0 (s.e.=0.6) kg/m2] and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels [1.1 (s.e.=0.6) mg/dl] when compared with healthy controls [23.4 (s.e.=0.4) kg/m2, p=0.030 and 0.2 (s.e.=0.1) mg/dl, p=0.009, respectively]. In contrast, patients without childhood maltreatment were not significantly different from healthy controls for either BMI [24.7 (s.e.=0.6) kg/m2, p=0.07] or CRP levels [0.5 (s.e.=0.2) mg/dl, p=0.25]. After controlling for the effect of BMI, the difference in CRP levels across the three groups remained significant (F2,58=3.6, p=0.035), suggesting that the increase in inflammation was not driven by an increase in adipose tissue.ConclusionsChildhood maltreatment is associated with higher BMI, and increased CRP levels, in patients with a first-episode psychosis. Further studies need to confirm the mechanisms underlying the putative causal relationship between childhood maltreatment and higher BMI, and whether this is indeed mediated by increased inflammation.
Low-grade inflammation in first-episode psychosis is determined by increased waist circumference