Neurometabolic patterns of an “at risk for mental disorders” syndrome involve abnormalities in the thalamus and anterior midcingulate cortex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Smesny ◽  
Alexander Gussew ◽  
Stephan Schack ◽  
Kerstin Langbein ◽  
Gerd Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Midcingulate Cortex

scholarly journals Detection of Suicidal Ideation on Social Media: Multimodal, Relational, and Behavioral Analysis

10.2196/17758 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. e17758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Ramírez-Cifuentes ◽  
Ana Freire ◽  
Ricardo Baeza-Yates ◽  
Joaquim Puntí ◽  
Pilar Medina-Bravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Suicide Risk Assessment ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Multimodal Data

Background Suicide risk assessment usually involves an interaction between doctors and patients. However, a significant number of people with mental disorders receive no treatment for their condition due to the limited access to mental health care facilities; the reduced availability of clinicians; the lack of awareness; and stigma, neglect, and discrimination surrounding mental disorders. In contrast, internet access and social media usage have increased significantly, providing experts and patients with a means of communication that may contribute to the development of methods to detect mental health issues among social media users. Objective This paper aimed to describe an approach for the suicide risk assessment of Spanish-speaking users on social media. We aimed to explore behavioral, relational, and multimodal data extracted from multiple social platforms and develop machine learning models to detect users at risk. Methods We characterized users based on their writings, posting patterns, relations with other users, and images posted. We also evaluated statistical and deep learning approaches to handle multimodal data for the detection of users with signs of suicidal ideation (suicidal ideation risk group). Our methods were evaluated over a dataset of 252 users annotated by clinicians. To evaluate the performance of our models, we distinguished 2 control groups: users who make use of suicide-related vocabulary (focused control group) and generic random users (generic control group). Results We identified significant statistical differences between the textual and behavioral attributes of each of the control groups compared with the suicidal ideation risk group. At a 95% CI, when comparing the suicidal ideation risk group and the focused control group, the number of friends (P=.04) and median tweet length (P=.04) were significantly different. The median number of friends for a focused control user (median 578.5) was higher than that for a user at risk (median 372.0). Similarly, the median tweet length was higher for focused control users, with 16 words against 13 words of suicidal ideation risk users. Our findings also show that the combination of textual, visual, relational, and behavioral data outperforms the accuracy of using each modality separately. We defined text-based baseline models based on bag of words and word embeddings, which were outperformed by our models, obtaining an increase in accuracy of up to 8% when distinguishing users at risk from both types of control users. Conclusions The types of attributes analyzed are significant for detecting users at risk, and their combination outperforms the results provided by generic, exclusively text-based baseline models. After evaluating the contribution of image-based predictive models, we believe that our results can be improved by enhancing the models based on textual and relational features. These methods can be extended and applied to different use cases related to other mental disorders.

scholarly journals Psychoeducation: perspectives from individuals on sick leave who are at risk of having a mental disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Line Hille Højfeldt ◽  
Pernille Pedersen ◽  
Kirsten Schultz Petersen ◽  
Lars Peter Sønderbo Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Sick Leave ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Peer Support ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Disability Benefits ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Rehabilitative Services

The large number of people on sickness and disability benefits due to mental disorders in Denmark has increased the need for improved rehabilitative services to facilitate their return to work. The aim of the present study was to explore the use of psychoeducation in relation to the standard services of a Danish job centre for individuals on sick leave with regard to relevance, elements contributing to recovery, and improvements of psychoeducation as an intervention. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 individuals on sick leave who were at risk of having a mental disorder. The interviews were analysed using systematic text condensation inspired by Giorgi’s phenomenological analysis. The resulting core themes describing psychoeducation with respect to the standard services of the job centre included access and relevance of psychoeducation in relation to the job centre’s standard services, social support, self-care, and psychoeducation intervention. This study concludes that the informants consider psychoeducation a relevant offer to individuals on sick leave who are at risk of having a mental disorder. The relevance of the standard services of the job-centre services was considered to be low. Furthermore, psychoeducation reinforces peer support and inclusion of relatives as elements to aid recovery to a much larger extent than do the standard services of the job centre. In general, the results support the use of psychoeducation in a municipal job-centre setting as a targeted and beneficial offer to individuals on sick leave who are at risk of having a mental disorder.

Prevalence of mental disorders in Sardinia: a community study in an inland mining district

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1061-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Carta ◽  
B. Carpiniello ◽  
P. L. Morosini ◽  
N. Rudas
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Depressive Syndrome ◽  
Community Study ◽  
Mining District ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Risk For Depression

SYNOPSISUsing standardized interviews 374 subjects randomly selected among people living in two villages in a mining district in Sardinia (Italy), were studied. Of these, 57 subjects (15·2%) were identified as ‘cases’. Ten per cent of the sample was affected by a depressive syndrome and 4% by an anxiety disorder. Females were significantly more at risk for anxiety disorders, while a trend towards a major risk for depression emerged among middle-aged and elderly people. Of the sample 9·8% were taking benzodiazepines, with a significant over representation of females. Depressed subjects took benzodiazepines more frequently than anxious subjects, while the use of antidepressants was negligible.

scholarly journals Screening for psychiatric morbidity in police custody: results from the HELP-PC project

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 389-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain McKinnon ◽  
Samir Srivastava ◽  
Gurpreet Kaler ◽  
Don Grubin
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Crack Cocaine ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Police Custody ◽  
Moderate Depression ◽  
Screening Procedures

Aims and methodTo ascertain the efficacy of custody health screening for mental disorders. We assessed a sample of detainees for the presence of mental disorders and the need for an appropriate adult. The assessments were carried out using pragmatic interviews and examinations supported by structured tools. Where possible, we attributed a probable clinical diagnosis based on the information available to us. The need for an appropriate adult was judged based on this information and capacity assessments.ResultsExisting screening procedures missed a quarter of cases of severe mental illness and moderate depression; they also failed to detect about a half of those at risk of alcohol withdrawal and 70% of those at risk of withdrawal from crack cocaine. The need for an appropriate adult was not recognised in more than half of cases.Clinical implicationsConsideration should be given to modifying police screening procedures for mental and associated disorders so that detainees receive the appropriate attention.

scholarly journals Detection of Suicidal Ideation on Social Media: Multimodal, Relational, and Behavioral Analysis (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Ramírez-Cifuentes ◽  
Ana Freire ◽  
Ricardo Baeza-Yates ◽  
Joaquim Puntí ◽  
Pilar Medina-Bravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Suicide Risk Assessment ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Multimodal Data

BACKGROUND Suicide risk assessment usually involves an interaction between doctors and patients. However, a significant number of people with mental disorders receive no treatment for their condition due to the limited access to mental health care facilities; the reduced availability of clinicians; the lack of awareness; and stigma, neglect, and discrimination surrounding mental disorders. In contrast, internet access and social media usage have increased significantly, providing experts and patients with a means of communication that may contribute to the development of methods to detect mental health issues among social media users. OBJECTIVE This paper aimed to describe an approach for the suicide risk assessment of Spanish-speaking users on social media. We aimed to explore behavioral, relational, and multimodal data extracted from multiple social platforms and develop machine learning models to detect users at risk. METHODS We characterized users based on their writings, posting patterns, relations with other users, and images posted. We also evaluated statistical and deep learning approaches to handle multimodal data for the detection of users with signs of suicidal ideation (suicidal ideation risk group). Our methods were evaluated over a dataset of 252 users annotated by clinicians. To evaluate the performance of our models, we distinguished 2 control groups: users who make use of suicide-related vocabulary (focused control group) and generic random users (generic control group). RESULTS We identified significant statistical differences between the textual and behavioral attributes of each of the control groups compared with the suicidal ideation risk group. At a 95% CI, when comparing the suicidal ideation risk group and the focused control group, the number of friends (<i>P</i>=.04) and median tweet length (<i>P</i>=.04) were significantly different. The median number of friends for a focused control user (median 578.5) was higher than that for a user at risk (median 372.0). Similarly, the median tweet length was higher for focused control users, with 16 words against 13 words of suicidal ideation risk users. Our findings also show that the combination of textual, visual, relational, and behavioral data outperforms the accuracy of using each modality separately. We defined text-based baseline models based on bag of words and word embeddings, which were outperformed by our models, obtaining an increase in accuracy of up to 8% when distinguishing users at risk from both types of control users. CONCLUSIONS The types of attributes analyzed are significant for detecting users at risk, and their combination outperforms the results provided by generic, exclusively text-based baseline models. After evaluating the contribution of image-based predictive models, we believe that our results can be improved by enhancing the models based on textual and relational features. These methods can be extended and applied to different use cases related to other mental disorders.

Long-term economic and social outcomes of youth suicide attempts

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Orri ◽  
Francis Vergunst ◽  
Gustavo Turecki ◽  
Cédric Galera ◽  
Eric Latimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Retirement Savings ◽  
Youth Suicide ◽  
Socioeconomic Outcomes

Background Youth who attempt suicide are more at risk for later mental disorders and suicide. However, little is known about their long-term socioeconomic outcomes. Aims We investigated associations between youth suicide attempts and adult economic and social outcomes. Method Participants were drawn from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Kindergarten Children (n = 2140) and followed up from ages 6 to 37 years. Lifetime suicide attempt was assessed at 15 and 22 years. Economic (employment earnings, retirement savings, welfare support, bankruptcy) and social (romantic partnership, separation/divorce, number of children) outcomes were assessed through data linkage with government tax return records obtained from age 22 to 37 years (2002–2017). Generalised linear models were used to test the association between youth suicide attempt and outcomes adjusting for background characteristics, parental mental disorders and suicide, and youth concurrent mental disorders. Results By age 22, 210 youths (9.8%) had attempted suicide. In fully adjusted models, youth who attempted suicide had lower annual earnings (average last 5 years, US$ −4134, 95% CI −7950 to −317), retirement savings (average last 5 years, US$ −1387, 95% CI −2982 to 209), greater risk of receiving welfare support (risk ratio (RR) = 2.05, 95% CI 1.39 to 3.04) and were less likely to be married/cohabiting (RR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.93), compared with those who did not attempt suicide. Over a 40-year working career, the loss of individual earnings attributable to suicide attempts was estimated at US$98 384. Conclusions Youth who attempt suicide are at risk of poor adult socioeconomic outcomes. Findings underscore the importance of psychosocial interventions for young people who have attempted suicide to prevent long-term social and economic disadvantage.

Mental disorders diagnosed in childhood and at-risk mental state in a help-seeking population

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
Anna Comparelli ◽  
Daniela Pucci ◽  
Valeria Savoja ◽  
Giorgio D. Kotzalidis ◽  
Ilaria Falcone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
At Risk Mental State

Characteristics and Symptomatology of Patients Diagnosed with Unipolar Depression at Risk for Undiagnosed Bipolar Disorder: A Bipolar Survey

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan C. Bolge ◽  
Thomas Thompson ◽  
Eric Bourne ◽  
Kevin Nanry
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Healthcare Provider ◽  
Manic Episode ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Text Revision

ABSTRACTObjective: To identify characteristics of patients diagnosed with unipolar depression who may have undiagnosed bipolar disorder.Methods: Patients diagnosed with unipolar depression by a healthcare provider were identified through the Consumer Health Sciences National Health and Wellness Survey. Manic symptoms, comorbid conditions, psychiatric symptomatology, use of healthcare resources, and patient demographics were identified through Internet-based questionnaires. A self-report adapted version of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition-Text Revision criteria identified symptoms consistent with a manic episode. Psychological well-being was measured by the Psychological General Well-Being Index.Results: Of the 1,602 respondents who met inclusion criteria, 219 (14% or ~1 out of 7) reported symptoms consistent with a manic episode and were considered at risk for undiagnosed bipolar disorder. These respondents were younger and had a lower socioeconomic status. At-risk patients rated their depression as more severe and experienced greater impairment of psychological well-being. More than 70% of those at risk reported speaking with a healthcare provider about their mania symptoms. Comorbid mental disorders, especially anxiety-related conditions, were common in these patients.Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of evaluating unipolar patients for bipolar disorder and may help clinicians identify symptoms and comorbidities associated with patients with unipolar depression at risk for undiagnosed bipolar disorder.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document