scholarly journals Screening for psychiatric morbidity in police custody: results from the HELP-PC project

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 389-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain McKinnon ◽  
Samir Srivastava ◽  
Gurpreet Kaler ◽  
Don Grubin
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Crack Cocaine ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Police Custody ◽  
Moderate Depression ◽  
Screening Procedures

Aims and methodTo ascertain the efficacy of custody health screening for mental disorders. We assessed a sample of detainees for the presence of mental disorders and the need for an appropriate adult. The assessments were carried out using pragmatic interviews and examinations supported by structured tools. Where possible, we attributed a probable clinical diagnosis based on the information available to us. The need for an appropriate adult was judged based on this information and capacity assessments.ResultsExisting screening procedures missed a quarter of cases of severe mental illness and moderate depression; they also failed to detect about a half of those at risk of alcohol withdrawal and 70% of those at risk of withdrawal from crack cocaine. The need for an appropriate adult was not recognised in more than half of cases.Clinical implicationsConsideration should be given to modifying police screening procedures for mental and associated disorders so that detainees receive the appropriate attention.

scholarly journals Psychiatric morbidity in patients referred for individual psychotherapy within and outwith the NHS

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Mitchell ◽  
Chris P. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
National Health Service ◽  
Psychotropic Medication ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Individual Psychotherapy ◽  
Referral Source ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
Adult Psychiatry

Aims and methodDemographic and medical characteristics of waiting list patients for National Health Service (NHS) psychotherapy, non-NHS psychotherapy or NHS general adult psychiatry were compared by postal questionnaires.ResultsOne hundred and eighty-three subjects replied. High rates of psychiatric morbidity were reported in both psychotherapy populations but general psychiatric referrals were more disturbed, taking more psychotropic medication than non-NHS psychotherapy but not NHS psychotherapy subjects. The biggest referral source to non-NHS psychotherapy was general practitioners.Clinical implicationsNon-NHS psychotherapists should be able to recognise severe mental illness and have a basic understanding of psychotropic medication and psychiatric services.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in People with Intellectual Disability

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Kiriakos Xenitidis ◽  
Shazia Zahid ◽  
Caryl Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Important Task ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Research Findings

People with intellectual disability (ID) are more susceptible to mental disorders including mental illness and developmental disorders, such as autism and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The identification of comorbidities is an important task for the clinician as, in addition to clarifying the diagnosis, it carries implications for the treatment and prognosis. This chapter aims to explore the association between ID and ADHD and review the key research findings. The validity of the diagnosis of ADHD in ID is considered. The assessment issues relating to the diagnosis of ADHD in this population are discussed. The questions around treatment and management are summarized and, finally, the clinical implications are highlighted.

scholarly journals Severe mental illness and airports – the scope of the problem

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 261-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. C. Wieshmann ◽  
M. Anjoyeb ◽  
B. B. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Emergency Admissions ◽  
Safety Concerns ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Schizotypal Disorder

Aims and MethodMental illness may cause specific problems in the environment of an international airport. The aim of our study was to assess frequency, presentation and safety implications of mental disorders requiring formal admission at an international airport. We performed a retrospective study over 4 years including patients who were detained by the police and admitted.ResultsThe frequency of admissions was one per million passengers, the frequency of incidents raising safety concerns was four per 10 million passengers. An in-flight disturbance occurred in 1.4 per 10 million arriving passengers. Most common were schizophrenia or schizotypal disorder (46.8%) and mania (22.6%). Twenty per cent of patients presented with wandering.Clinical ImplicationsEmergency admissions and incidents causing safety concerns were rare. Airport wandering was a frequent presenting sign that should be recognised.

What Genetic Advances Might Mean for the Consumer in Mental Illness

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. A198-A200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Young People ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Psychotic Illness ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Screening Procedures

Objective Increased research efforts into screening young people at risk of schizophrenia is anticipated. The aim of the present paper is to consider the ethical concerns raised by this research from a consumer's perspective. Method Insights into relevant ethical concerns obtained from personal experiences of psychotic illness are described. Results A range of salient ethical issues were identified that need to be addressed in research proposals regarding the screening of people for schizophrenia risk factors. Conclusions The importance of research into the development of screening procedures for schizophrenia risk factors suggests that the ethical issues identified need urgent attention. Consumer input is essential in this endeavour.

scholarly journals British psychiatric morbidity survey

1998 ◽  
Vol 173 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Jenkins ◽  
Paul Bebbington ◽  
Traolach S. Brugha ◽  
Mike Farrell ◽  
Glyn Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Social Climate ◽  
Family Burden ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Health Burden

There is mounting evidence of the massive global health burden of mental illness (Murray & Lopez, 1996; Jenkins, 1997). Within Great Britain, the Department of Health's overall objectives for mental illness were summarised as follows (Department of Health, 1993):(a) To reduce the incidence and prevalence of mental disorders.(b) To reduce the mortality associated with mental disorders.(c) To reduce the extent and severity of other problems associated with mental disorders, for example:(i) poor physical health;(ii) impaired social functioning;(iii) poor social circumstances;(iv) family burden.(d) To ensure appropriate services and interventions are provided.(e) To reverse the public's negative perception of mental illness, for example:(i) counter fear, ignorance and stigma;(ii) create a more positive social climate in which to seek help;(iii) improve quality of life for people with mental health problems.(f) To research causes, consequences and care of specific mental disorders.

scholarly journals TheBrain Gamesstudy: protocol for a randomised controlled trial of computerised cognitive training for preventing mental illness in adolescents with high-risk personality styles

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e017721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Mewton ◽  
Antoinette Hodge ◽  
Nicola Gates ◽  
Rachel Visontay ◽  
Maree Teesson
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Randomised Controlled

IntroductionA broad range of mental disorders are now understood as aberrations of normal adolescent brain development. In both adolescents and adults, executive dysfunction has been implicated across a range of mental illnesses, and enhancing executive functioning may prove to be a useful prevention strategy for adolescents at risk for a range of psychopathology.Methods and analysisThis study will consist of a double-blind, randomised controlled trial with a 12-month follow-up period. Participants will consist of 200 people aged 16–24 years who are at risk for a range of mental disorders based on personality risk factors, but have not experienced a lifetime mental illness as determined by a structured diagnostic interview. Participants will be randomly allocated to either an intervention group who complete an online cognitive training programme specifically targeting executive functioning ability or a control group who complete an online cognitive training programme that has limited executive functioning training potential. Superiority of the executive functioning training programme compared with the control training programme will be assessed at baseline, post-training and at 3-month, 6-month and 12-month follow-up. All assessments will be conducted online. The primary outcome of the study will be general psychopathology as measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Secondary outcomes will include executive functioning ability, day-to-day functioning and alcohol consumption. All analyses will be undertaken using mixed-model repeated measures analysis of variance with planned contrasts.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been obtained from the University of New South Wales Human Research Ethics Committee (HC15094). Results of the trial immediately post-treatment and at 12 months follow-up will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberACTRN12616000127404; Pre-results.

A Collaborative Approach to Health Promotion Targeting People with Mental Illness at Risk of Diabetes—A Process Evaluation

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 2261-PUB
Author(s):  
NANA F. HEMPLER ◽  
VINIE H. LEVISEN ◽  
REGITZE S. PALS ◽  
NAJA RAMSKOV KROGH ◽  
RIKKE H. LAURSEN
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Collaborative Approach ◽  
People With Mental Illness

scholarly journals Economics of mental well-being: a prospective study estimating associated health care costs and sickness benefit transfers in Denmark

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziggi Ivan Santini ◽  
Hannah Becher ◽  
Maja Bæksgaard Jørgensen ◽  
Michael Davidsen ◽  
Line Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sickness Benefit ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Mental Well Being

Abstract Background Previous literature has examined the societal costs of mental illness, but few studies have estimated the costs associated with mental well-being. In this study, a prospective analysis was conducted on Danish data to determine 1) the association between mental well-being (measured in 2016) and government expenditure in 2017, specifially healthcare costs and sickness benefit transfers. Methods Data stem from a Danish population-based survey of 3,508 adults (aged 16 + years) in 2016, which was linked to Danish registry data. A validated scale (WEMWBS) was used for the assessment of mental well-being. Costs are expressed in USD PPP. A two-part model was applied to predict costs in 2017, adjusting for sociodemographics, health status (including psychiatric morbidity and health behaviour), as well as costs in the previous year (2016). Results Each point increase in mental well-being (measured in 2016) was associated with lower healthcare costs ($− 42.5, 95% CI = $− 78.7, $− 6.3) and lower costs in terms of sickness benefit transfers ($− 23.1, 95% CI = $− 41.9, $− 4.3) per person in 2017. Conclusions Estimated reductions in costs related to mental well-being add to what is already known about potential savings related to the prevention of mental illness. It does so by illustrating the savings that could be made by moving from lower to higher levels of mental well-being both within and beyond the clinical range. Our estimates pertain to costs associated with those health-related outcomes that were included in the study, but excluding other social and economic outcomes and benefits. They cover immediate cost estimates (costs generated the year following mental well-being measurement) and not those that could follow improved mental well-being over the longer term. They may therefore be considered conservative from a societal perspective. Population approaches to mental health promotion are necessary, not only to potentiate disease prevention strategies, but also to reduce costs related to lower levels of mental well-being in the non-mental illness population. Our results suggest that useful reductions in both health care resource use and costs, as well as in costs due to sick leave from the workplace, could be achieved from investment in mental well-being promotion within a year.

scholarly journals Nutritional psychiatry: the present state of the evidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Marx ◽  
Genevieve Moseley ◽  
Michael Berk ◽  
Felice Jacka
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural

Mental illness, including depression, anxiety and bipolar disorder, accounts for a significant proportion of global disability and poses a substantial social, economic and heath burden. Treatment is presently dominated by pharmacotherapy, such as antidepressants, and psychotherapy, such as cognitive behavioural therapy; however, such treatments avert less than half of the disease burden, suggesting that additional strategies are needed to prevent and treat mental disorders. There are now consistent mechanistic, observational and interventional data to suggest diet quality may be a modifiable risk factor for mental illness. This review provides an overview of the nutritional psychiatry field. It includes a discussion of the neurobiological mechanisms likely modulated by diet, the use of dietary and nutraceutical interventions in mental disorders, and recommendations for further research. Potential biological pathways related to mental disorders include inflammation, oxidative stress, the gut microbiome, epigenetic modifications and neuroplasticity. Consistent epidemiological evidence, particularly for depression, suggests an association between measures of diet quality and mental health, across multiple populations and age groups; these do not appear to be explained by other demographic, lifestyle factors or reverse causality. Our recently published intervention trial provides preliminary clinical evidence that dietary interventions in clinically diagnosed populations are feasible and can provide significant clinical benefit. Furthermore, nutraceuticals including n-3 fatty acids, folate, S-adenosylmethionine, N-acetyl cysteine and probiotics, among others, are promising avenues for future research. Continued research is now required to investigate the efficacy of intervention studies in large cohorts and within clinically relevant populations, particularly in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar and anxiety disorders.

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