Factors influencing development of management strategies for the Abou Ali River in Lebanon II: Seasonal and annual variation

2006 ◽  
Vol 362 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
May A. Massoud ◽  
Mutasem El-Fadel ◽  
Mark D. Scrimshaw ◽  
John N. Lester
Keyword(s):  
Annual Variation ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Factors Influencing

Dietary preference of dairy cows grazing grass and clover

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 51-51
Author(s):  
S.M. Rutter ◽  
R.J. Orr ◽  
P.D. Penning ◽  
N.H. Yarrow ◽  
R.A. Champion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Considerable Progress ◽  
Dietary Preference ◽  
Domestic Ruminants ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Grazing Sheep

The development of grazing management strategies to optimise nutrient intake from grazed herbage requires an understanding of the factors influencing the dietary preference of grazing domestic ruminants. Although there has been considerable progress in understanding the factors influencing the dietary preference of grazing sheep, there has been comparatively little research with lactating dairy cows (Rutter et al., 1997). The aim of the experiment reported here was to study the dietary preference of lactating dairy cows grazing grass and clover.

Managing growth overfishing with multiannual compromise strategies

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 2255-2276 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Marchal
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Northeast Atlantic ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Optimal Balance ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Mobile Target

Most of the Northeast Atlantic stocks are currently fished above the biological reference points (e.g., Fmax). In attempting to achieve such targets, advisers and managers have faced two main problems. First, it is impractical to (i) simultaneously maximize yields, stabilize fisheries, and safeguard stocks and (ii) optimize both short- and long-term outcomes for the industry. Second is the lack of predictability, several years ahead, in factors influencing decisions. This study addresses these twin issues by exploring the relative performances of various multiannual and compromise (or composite) management strategies. Multiannual fishing efforts are set in advance for a ``resolution'' period of several years, at the end of which they are updated. They are calculated to satisfy a prior weighted compromise amongst three criteria: (i) minimizing fishing effort variability, (ii) minimizing catch variability, and (iii) reaching a ``mobile target:'' the latter is defined with a second weighted compromise between the long-term target and the fishing effort at the beginning of the resolution period. A safe and optimal balance between all the short- and long-term fishery outcomes is found with a 5-year resolution period, during which the mobile target is split into 40-60% of the long-term target, and 60-40% of the fishing effort at the start of the resolution period, while criteria i, ii, and iii are weighted equally.

scholarly journals Understanding Taxi Drivers’ Multi-day Cruising Patterns

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 467-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Zong ◽  
Xiao Sun ◽  
Huiyong Zhang ◽  
Xiumei Zhu ◽  
Wentian Qi
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Gps Data ◽  
Taxi Drivers ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

This study investigates taxi drivers’ multi-day cruising behaviours with GPS data collected in Shenzhen, China. By calculating the inter-daily variability of taxi drivers’ cruising behaviours, the multi-day cruising patterns are investigated. The impacts of learning feature and habitual feature on multi-day cruising behaviours are determined. The results prove that there is variability among taxis’ day-to-day cruising behaviours, and the day-of-week pattern is that taxi drivers tend to cruise a larger area on Friday, and a rather focused area on Monday. The findings also indicate that the impacts of learning feature and habitual feature are more obvious between weekend days than among weekdays. Moreover, learning feature between two sequent weeks is found to be greater than that within one week, while the habitual feature shows recession over time. By revealing taxis' day-to-day cruising pattern and the factors influencing it, the study results provide us with crucial information in predicting taxis' multi-day cruising locations, which can be applied to simulate taxis' multi-day cruising behaviour as well as to determine the traffic volume derived from taxis' cruising behaviour. This can help us in planning of transportation facilities, such as stop stations or parking lots for taxis. Moreover, the findings can be also employed in predicting taxis' adjustments of multi-day cruising locations under the impact of traffic management strategies.

Annual Variation in the Distribution, Abundance, and Habitat Response of the Palila (Loxioides bailleui)

The Auk ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Michael Scott ◽  
Stephen Mountainspring ◽  
Charles van Riper ◽  
Cameron B. Kepler ◽  
James D. Jacobi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Annual Variation ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Habitat Features ◽  
Crown Cover ◽  
Site Tenacity ◽  
Habitat Response

Abstract We studied the distribution, population size, and habitat response of the Palila (Loxioides bailleui) during the 1980-1984 nonbreeding seasons to infer factors that limit the population and to develop management strategies. Distribution was fairly constant from year to year. Palila were confined to the subalpine woodland on Mauna Kea on the island of Hawaii, occurred between 2,000 and 2,850 m elevation, and reached highest densities on the southwest slopes. The population showed large annual fluctuations, from 6,400 birds in 1981 to 2,000 in 1984. The width of woodland was the most important variable in determining habitat response. Palila were more common in areas with greater crown cover, taller trees, and a higher proportion of native plants in the understory. Annual variation in Palila density within a habitat reflected variation in levels of their staple food, mamane pods. The main limiting factors of the population appeared to be the availability of good habitat and levels of their staple food. Palila had strongly depressed densities in the Pohakuloa flats area. This low density could not be explained by gross habitat features or food levels. Site tenacity, thermal stress, disturbance, and disease were hypothesized explanations. Our study indicated that the most effective management strategies would be the removal of feral ungulates and certain noxious plants from Palila habitat and the extension of the woodland zone to areas now intensively grazed.

scholarly journals Predisposing factors influencing occupational injury among frontline building construction workers in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Amissah ◽  
Eric Badu ◽  
Peter Agyei-Baffour ◽  
Emmanuel Kweku Nakua ◽  
Isaac Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Occupational Injury ◽  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Construction Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Influencing

Abstract Objective This study aims to examine the predisposing factors influencing occupational injuries among frontline construction workers in Ghana. A cross-sectional survey was carried out with 634 frontline construction workers in Kumasi metropolis of Ghana using a structured questionnaire. The study was conducted from December 2016 to June 2017 using a household-based approach. The respondents were selected through a two-stage sampling approach. A multivariate logistics regression model was employed to examine the association between risk factors and injury. Data was analyzed employing descriptive and inferential statistics with STATA version 14. Results The study found an injury prevalence of 57.91% among the workers. Open Wounds (37.29%) and fractures (6.78%) were the common and least injuries recorded respectively. The proximal factors (age, sex of worker, income) and distal factors (e.g. work structure, trade specialization, working hours, job/task location, and monthly off days) were risk factors for occupational injuries among frontline construction workers. The study recommends that policymakers and occupational health experts should incorporate the proximal and distal factors in the design of injury prevention as well as management strategies.

scholarly journals Resolving Long-Standing Uncertainty about the Clinical Efficacy of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) to Relieve Pain: A Comprehensive Review of Factors Influencing Outcome

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 378
Author(s):  
Mark I. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Electrical Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Technological Developments

Pain is managed using a biopsychosocial approach and pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a technique whereby pulsed electrical currents are administered through the intact surface of the skin with the intention of alleviating pain, akin to ‘electrically rubbing pain away’. Despite over 50 years of published research, uncertainty about the clinical efficacy of TENS remains. The purpose of this comprehensive review is to critically appraise clinical research on TENS to inform future strategies to resolve the ‘efficacy-impasse’. The principles and practices of TENS are described to provide context for readers unfamiliar with TENS treatment. The findings of systematic reviews evaluating TENS are described from a historical perspective to provide context for a critical evaluation of factors influencing the outcomes of randomized controlled trials (RCTs); including sample populations, outcome measures, TENS techniques, and comparator interventions. Three possibilities are offered to resolve the impasse. Firstly, to conduct large multi-centered RCTs using an enriched enrolment with randomized withdrawal design, that incorporates a ‘run-in phase’ to screen for potential TENS responders and to optimise TENS treatment according to individual need. Secondly, to meta-analyze published RCT data, irrespective of type of pain, to determine whether TENS reduces the intensity of pain during stimulation, and to include a detailed assessment of levels of certainty and precision. Thirdly, to concede that it may be impossible to determine efficacy due to insurmountable methodological, logistical and financial challenges. The consequences to clinicians, policy makers and funders of this third scenario are discussed. I argue that patients will continue to use TENS irrespective of the views of clinicians, policy makers, funders or guideline panel recommendations, because TENS is readily available without prescription; TENS generates a pleasant sensory experience that is similar to easing pain using warming and cooling techniques; and technological developments such as smart wearable TENS devices will improve usability in the future. Thus, research is needed on how best to integrate TENS into existing pain management strategies by analyzing data of TENS usage by expert-patients in real-world settings.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document