ABSTRACT
In order to provide a harmonised preassessment to support risk assessment performed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the Biohazard Panel in 2007 published guidelines for evaluation of the safety of a strain included in the food chain, the Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS). Since 2008, the Biohazard Panel has published on a regular basis an update of the microbial strains submitted for approval and extends the list of species which have been granted QPS status. The International Dairy Federation (IDF) and the European Food and Feed Cultures Association (EFFCA) have, since 2002, been conducting a project on the safety demonstration of microbial food cultures (MFCs). Following the publication of IDF Bulletin 377–2002, an inventory of MFCs was published in IDF Bulletin 455–2012 and updated most recently in IDF Bulletin 495–2018. These two lists developed by EFSA (QPS) and IDF/EFFCA both propose as an outcome an inventory of microbial species that are safe for human consumption. To avoid confusion when these two inventories are compared, this review attempts to explain the rationale that was used to develop them and explain how the two lists should be understood.
Risk assessment of pesticides and other stressors in bees: Principles, data gaps and perspectives from the European Food Safety Authority