Analysis of the adverse health effects of PM2.5 from 2001 to 2017 in China and the role of urbanization in aggravating the health burden

2019 ◽  
Vol 652 ◽  
pp. 683-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingcheng Lu ◽  
Changqing Lin ◽  
Wenkai Li ◽  
Yiang Chen ◽  
Yeqi Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Health Burden

Adverse Health Effects of Tobacco and Role of Ayurveda in their Reduction

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Kumar Semwal ◽  
Satyendra Prasad Mishra ◽  
Ashutosh Chauhan ◽  
Ruchi Badoni Semwal
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health

scholarly journals TUBE Project: Transport-Derived Ultrafines and the Brain Effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Maria-Viola Martikainen ◽  
Päivi Aakko-Saksa ◽  
Lenie van den Broek ◽  
Flemming R. Cassee ◽  
Roxana O. Carare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Brain

The adverse effects of air pollutants on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems are unquestionable. However, in recent years, indications of effects beyond these organ systems have become more evident. Traffic-related air pollution has been linked with neurological diseases, exacerbated cognitive dysfunction, and Alzheimer’s disease. However, the exact air pollutant compositions and exposure scenarios leading to these adverse health effects are not known. Although several components of air pollution may be at play, recent experimental studies point to a key role of ultrafine particles (UFPs). While the importance of UFPs has been recognized, almost nothing is known about the smallest fraction of UFPs, and only >23 nm emissions are regulated in the EU. Moreover, the role of the semivolatile fraction of the emissions has been neglected. The Transport-Derived Ultrafines and the Brain Effects (TUBE) project will increase knowledge on harmful ultrafine air pollutants, as well as semivolatile compounds related to adverse health effects. By including all the major current combustion and emission control technologies, the TUBE project aims to provide new information on the adverse health effects of current traffic, as well as information for decision makers to develop more effective emission legislation. Most importantly, the TUBE project will include adverse health effects beyond the respiratory system; TUBE will assess how air pollution affects the brain and how air pollution particles might be removed from the brain. The purpose of this report is to describe the TUBE project, its background, and its goals.

Beyond PM2.5: The role of ultrafine particles on adverse health effects of air pollution

2016 ◽  
Vol 1860 (12) ◽  
pp. 2844-2855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Chen ◽  
Bin Hu ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Jianxun Xu ◽  
Guosheng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health

Cancer risk and nullity of Glutathione-S-transferase mu and theta 1 in occupational pesticide workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Kanu Priya ◽  
Soumya Pandit ◽  
Piyush Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Detoxification Process

: Occupational exposure to pesticides has been associated with adverse health conditions, including genotoxicity and cancer. Nullity of GSTT1/GSTM1 increases the susceptibility of pesticide workers to these adverse health effects due to lack of efficient detoxification process created by the absence of these key xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. However, this assertion does not seem to maintain its stance at all the time; some pesticide workers with the null genotypes do not present the susceptibility. This suggests the modulatory role of other confounding factors, genetic and environmental conditions. Pesticides, aggravated by the null GSTT1/GSTM1, cause genotoxicity and cancer through oxidative stress and miRNA dysregulation. Thus, the absence of these adverse health effects together with the presence of null GSTT1/GSTM1 genotypes demands further explanation. Also, understanding the mechanism behind the protection of cells – that are devoid of GSTT1/GSTM1 – from oxidative stress constitutes a great challenge and potential research area. Therefore, this review article highlights the recent advancements in the presence and absence of cancer risk in occupational pesticide workers with GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotypes.

The Role of Lipids in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (01) ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahnaz Taghizadeh ◽  
Mohammad Alizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Acid Modification ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe increasing prevalence of childhood obesity is a driving force behind the increase in adolescent’s metabolic syndrome (MetS). Although there is no clear consensus about the pediatric definition for MetS, this syndrome is becoming very common among adolescents. It is characterized by insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity and hypertension, and is associated with a high risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and CVD in adulthood. Due to the increasing prevalence of obesity, there is strong incentive to reduce the impact of the adverse health effects associated with MetS. We explored the etiological role of nutrient-derived metabolic stressors, especially fatty acids, in the development of obesity and MetS. We also reviewed the evidence that pro-inflammatory stressors may predispose to obesity-induced insulin resistance. This article presents the opinion that reducing the impact of metabolic and inflammatory stressors may reduce the adverse health effects of obesity, and slow the progression towards MetS and CVD in adolescents. Evidence so far is limited from pediatric dietary epidemiological and interventional studies investigating the potential preventive and therapeutic effects of dietary fatty acid modification. This review will further investigate our understanding of the interaction between fatty acids in the pathogenesis and progression of MetS in adolescents.

scholarly journals Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial examining the effect of blood and plasma donation on serum perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) levels in firefighters

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e044833
Author(s):  
Gabriel Silver ◽  
Yordanka Krastev ◽  
Miriam K Forbes ◽  
Brenton Hamdorf ◽  
Barry Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Plasma Donation ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Randomised Controlled

IntroductionPerfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a diverse group of compounds that have been used in hundreds of industrial applications and consumer products including aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) for many years. Multiple national and international health and environmental agencies have accepted that PFAS exposures are associated with numerous adverse health effects. Australian firefighters have been shown to have elevated levels of PFAS in their blood, specifically perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), due to the historical use of AFFF. While PFAS concentrations decline over time once the source of exposure has been removed, their potential adverse health effects are such that it would be prudent to develop an intervention to lower levels at a faster rate than occurs via natural elimination rates.Methods and analysisThis is a randomised controlled trial of current and former Australian firefighters in the Metropolitan Fire Brigade/Fire Rescue Victoria, and contractors, with previous occupational exposure to PFAS and baseline elevated PFOS levels. The study is investigating whether whole blood donation every 12 weeks or plasma donation every 6 weeks will significantly reduce PFAS levels, compared with a control group. We have used covariate-adaptive randomisation to balance participants’ sex and blood PFAS levels between the three groups and would consider a 25% reduction in serum PFOS and PFHxS levels to be potentially clinically significant after 12 months of whole blood or plasma donation. A secondary analysis of health biomarkers is being made of changes between screening and week 52 in all three groups.Ethics and disseminationThis trial has been approved by Macquarie University Human Research Ethics Committee (reference number: 3855), final protocol V.2 dated 12 June 2019. Study results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and presentations at conferences.Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12619000204145).

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