Corrigendum to “A comprehensive analysis of interseasonal and interannual energy and water balance dynamics in semiarid shrubland and forest ecosystems” [Sci. Total Environ. 651 (2019) 381–398]

2019 ◽  
Vol 686 ◽  
pp. 847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanth Valayamkunnath ◽  
Venkataramana Sridhar ◽  
Wenguang Zhao ◽  
Richard G. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Balance Dynamics ◽  
Semiarid Shrubland

Soil water balance dynamics under plastic mulching in dryland rainfed agroecosystem across the Loess Plateau

2021 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 107354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai-Tian Ren ◽  
Rui Zhou ◽  
Fei Mo ◽  
Shu-Tong Liu ◽  
Ji-Yuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Plastic Mulching ◽  
Balance Dynamics

scholarly journals A stochastic approach for the description of the water balance dynamics in a river basin

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1189-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Manfreda ◽  
M. Fiorentino
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Probability Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Water Storage Capacity ◽  
Soil Water Storage Capacity ◽  
Balance Dynamics

Abstract. The present paper introduces an analytical approach for the description of the soil water balance dynamics over a schematic river basin. The model is based on a stochastic differential equation where the rainfall forcing is interpreted as an additive noise in the soil water balance. This equation can be solved assuming known the spatial distribution of the soil moisture over the basin transforming the two-dimensional problem in space in a one dimensional one. This assumption is particularly true in the case of humid and semihumid environments, where spatial redistribution becomes dominant producing a well defined soil moisture pattern. The model allowed to derive the probability density function of the saturated portion of a basin and of its relative saturation. This theory is based on the assumption that the soil water storage capacity varies across the basin following a parabolic distribution and the basin has homogeneous soil texture and vegetation cover. The methodology outlined the role played by the soil water storage capacity distribution of the basin on soil water balance. In particular, the resulting probability density functions of the relative basin saturation were found to be strongly controlled by the maximum water storage capacity of the basin, while the probability density functions of the relative saturated portion of the basin are strongly influenced by the spatial heterogeneity of the soil water storage capacity. Moreover, the saturated areas reach their maximum variability when the mean rainfall rate is almost equal to the soil water loss coefficient given by the sum of the maximum rate of evapotranspiration and leakage loss in the soil water balance. The model was tested using the results of a continuous numerical simulation performed with a semi-distributed model in order to validate the proposed theoretical distributions.

Impacts of technically modified plant pits on water balance dynamics and tree vitality in urban environments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines A. Nofz ◽  
Volker Kleinschmidt ◽  
Joscha N. Becker ◽  
Annette Eschenbach
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Tree Vitality ◽  
Rooting Zone ◽  
Excess Water ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Balance Dynamics

<p>Trees as essential components of green urban structures are of crucial importance for the regulation of the urban climate and human wellbeing. Despite this, the currently rising demand for living space and infrastructure causes an increase in the share of sealed and compacted soils. These trends directly affect soil-plant interactions in urban environments. The synergy of the increasing land use pressure and changing climatic conditions worsen the site and growth conditions and thus the vitality for young and mature trees. A possible adaptation strategy is the transformation of plant pits into water reservoirs combining the discharge of excess water with impermeable sole materials and substrates that optimise the water conductivity and storage capacity. The corresponding aim of this study is the quantification of the effects of the water balance dynamic in the rooting zone on the vitality of young trees at highly sealed sites in the city of Hamburg. The two main questions are 1) Do technically modified plant pits reduce summerly drought stress inside the rooting zone and thus improve the root water uptake and tree vitality?, and 2) Does excess water after high rainfall limit the gas exchange and thus the root growth? To answer these questions, we selected two different sites, one residential area and one pedestrian zone, which differ regarding the type of excess water discharge. Overall, two technically modified plant pit variants will be compared with generally constructed variants. Each site will be characterized by soil physical and chemical parameters. Additionally, each plant pit is equipped with TDR- and water tension probes for a continuous monitoring of the soil water balance and O<sub>2</sub> as well as CO<sub>2</sub> probes for monitoring the gas household. Rhizotrones and dendrometers in combination with Δ13C isotope analysis and stomatal resistance will help to investigate the tree vitality. The data will be used for modelling local water balance dynamics under expected climatic scenarios and for evaluating the different plant pit variants. Development as well as dimensioning recommendations for prospective plant pit constructions, improving the soil-plant interaction, will be derived.</p>

scholarly journals Stochastic water balance dynamics of passive and controlled stormwater basins

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 328-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Parolari ◽  
Steven Pelrine ◽  
Mark S. Bartlett
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Balance Dynamics

Improved Crop Canopy and Water Balance Dynamics for Agroecosystem Modeling Using DayCent

2018 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Zhang ◽  
Andrew Suyker ◽  
Keith Paustian
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Crop Canopy ◽  
Balance Dynamics ◽  
Agroecosystem Modeling

scholarly journals Coordination and control – limits in standard representations of multi-reservoir operations in hydrological modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 1365-1388
Author(s):  
Charles Rougé ◽  
Patrick M. Reed ◽  
Danielle S. Grogan ◽  
Shan Zuidema ◽  
Alexander Prusevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Water Balance Model ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Reservoir Operations ◽  
Balance Dynamics

Abstract. Major multi-reservoir cascades represent a primary mechanism for dealing with hydrologic variability and extremes within institutionally complex river basins worldwide. These coordinated management processes fundamentally reshape water balance dynamics. Yet, multi-reservoir coordination processes have been largely ignored in the increasingly sophisticated representations of reservoir operations within large-scale hydrological models. The aim of this paper is twofold, namely (i) to provide evidence that the common modeling practice of parameterizing each reservoir in a cascade independently from the others is a significant approximation and (ii) to demonstrate potential unintended consequences of this independence approximation when simulating the dynamics of hydrological extremes in complex reservoir cascades. We explore these questions using the Water Balance Model, which features detailed representations of the human infrastructure coupled to the natural processes that shape water balance dynamics. It is applied to the Upper Snake River basin in the western US and its heavily regulated multi-reservoir cascade. We employ a time-varying sensitivity analysis that utilizes the method of Morris factor screening to explicitly track how the dominant release rule parameters evolve both along the cascade and in time according to seasonal high- and low-flow events. This enables us to address aim (i) by demonstrating how the progressive and cumulative dominance of upstream releases significantly dampens the ability of downstream reservoir rules' parameters to influence flow conditions. We address aim (ii) by comparing simulation results with observed reservoir operations during critical low-flow and high-flow events in the basin. Our time-varying parameter sensitivity analysis with the method of Morris clarifies how independent single-reservoir parameterizations and their tacit assumption of independence leads to reservoir release behaviors that generate artificial water shortages and flooding, whereas the observed coordinated cascade operations avoided these outcomes for the same events. To further explore the role of (non-)coordination in the large deviations from the observed operations, we use an offline multi-reservoir water balance model in which adding basic coordination mechanisms drawn from the observed emergency operations is sufficient to correct the deficiencies of the independently parameterized reservoir rules from the hydrological model. These results demonstrate the importance of understanding the state–space context in which reservoir releases occur and where operational coordination plays a crucial role in avoiding or mitigating water-related extremes. Understanding how major infrastructure is coordinated and controlled in major river basins is essential for properly assessing future flood and drought hazards in a changing world.

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