Green sample preparation of alternative biosamples in forensic toxicology

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 100388
Author(s):  
Natalia Manousi ◽  
Victoria Samanidou
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Forensic Toxicology ◽  
Green Sample

Evolution and status of preparative gas chromatography as a green sample-preparation technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Sciarrone ◽  
Sebastiano Pantò ◽  
Carla Ragonese ◽  
Paola Dugo ◽  
Luigi Mondello
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Sample Preparation Technique ◽  
Preparative Gas Chromatography ◽  
Green Sample

scholarly journals Determination of ethanol in micro-volumes of blood by headspace gas chromatography: Statistical comparison between capillary and venous sampling sites

2020 ◽  
pp. 002580242092863
Author(s):  
Luke Taylor ◽  
Vytautas Remeškevičius ◽  
Lili Saskoy ◽  
Tara Brodie ◽  
Jeshan Mahmud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Forensic Toxicology ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Venous Sampling ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Uk

Ethanol is the most commonly encountered drug in forensic toxicology, with widespread use throughout society. For this reason, it is important that there are a variety of reliable and robust methods to detect and quantify the content of alcohol in blood samples of suspected drink drivers. A common method of detection is gas chromatography with flame ionisation detector, with a number of sample preparation techniques employed. Typically, venous blood is sampled and used in the analysis. However, there is currently no legal specification in the UK of the blood sample source. This study investigates the use of capillary blood as an alternative to venous blood alongside two different sample volumes: 100 and 10 µL. Venous and capillary blood were collected from volunteers who had consumed alcohol. All blood sampling was carried out one hour after cessation of drinking. The results show a statistically significant difference between venous and capillary samples, with an average difference of 3.38 ± 1.99 mg/100 mL at 100 μL and approximately 4.13 ± 2.42 mg/100 mL at 10 μL, respectively. Predominantly, venous blood was detected at higher concentrations than the corresponding capillary samples. The deviations in alcohol samples between venous and capillary blood are consistent with previous studies. However, our research indicates that capillary blood is a viable matrix to test for alcohol, albeit one that underestimates blood-alcohol content in relation to venous sampling. There was no statistically significant difference between the 100 and 10 µL sample preparation methods on an individual basis, which infers that micro-volumes of alcohol are suitable for forensic blood-alcohol analysis.

Green sample preparation of complex matrices: towards sustainable separations of organic compounds based on the biorefinery concept

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vânia G. Zuin
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Complex Matrices ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Sustainable Extraction ◽  
Green Sample

AbstractThe development and application of green analytical techniques aiming at the sample preparation of complex matrices for the study of organic compounds have been growing considerably over the last 15 years. Miniaturisation, automation and solventless techniques are gaining importance in this field, associated to others, as is the case of metrics. However, the unreflected use of the so-called green analytical techniques “might lead to doing the same things better, rather than rethinking solutions altogether”. Some limits and potentialities of the green sample preparation towards sustainable separations of organic compounds using the biorefinery concept will be also discussed in this paper, a promising biobased route that can integrate sustainable extraction and purification processes in a whole complete circular unity.

scholarly journals Development of Alternative Green Sample Preparation Techniques

Separations ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Emanuela Gionfriddo
Keyword(s):  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
The Public ◽  
Laboratory Waste ◽  
Preparation Techniques ◽  
Green Sample

Although chemistry disciplines are often regarded by the public as polluting sciences, in the last three decades, the concept of “Green Chemistry” has fueled the development of more sustainable and environmentally friendly chemical processes that are mainly aimed at minimizing the production of toxic laboratory waste, to maximize pollution prevention [...]

Development and Validation of a Method for Quantification of 28 Psychotropic Drugs in Postmortem Blood Samples by Modified Micro-QuEChERS and LC–MS-MS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taís B Rodrigues ◽  
Damila R Morais ◽  
Victor A P Gianvecchio ◽  
Elvis M Aquino ◽  
Ricardo L Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Forensic Toxicology ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Weighting Factor ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Analytical Toxicology ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Postmortem Blood ◽  
Development And Validation

Abstract The development of new sample preparation alternatives in analytical toxicology leading to quick, effective, automated and environmentally friendly procedures is growing in importance. One of these alternatives is the QuEChERS, originally developed for the analysis of pesticide residues, producing cleaner extracts than liquid–liquid extraction, and easier separation of aqueous and organic phases. However, there are few published studies on the miniaturization of this technique for forensic toxicology, especially in postmortem analysis. We developed and validated a modified micro-QuEChERS and LC–MS-MS assay to quantify 16 antidepressants, 7 antipsychotics and 3 metabolites and semi-quantify norfluoxetine and norsertraline in postmortem blood. The calibration curve was linear from 1 to 500 ng/mL, achieved an r > 0.99, with all standards quantifying within ±15% of target except ±20% at the limit of quantification of 1 ng/mL for 26 substances. The F test was applied to evaluate if the variance between replicates remained constant for all calibrators. Six weighting factors were analyzed (1/x, 1/x2, 1/x0,5, 1/y, 1/y2 and 1/y0,5), with the weighting factor with the lowest sum of residual regression errors (1/x2) selected. No endogenous or exogenous interferences were observed. Method imprecision and bias were <19.0% and 19.7%, respectively. Advantages of this method include a low sample volume of 100 µL, simple but effective sample preparation and a rapid 8.5-min run time. The validated analytical method was successfully applied to the analysis of 100 authentic postmortem samples.

Novel approaches and green sample preparation in bioanalytical protocols

2021 ◽  
pp. 100559
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Leere Øiestad ◽  
Barbara Bojko ◽  
Ezel Boyaci
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Green Sample

ChemInform Abstract: Green Sample Preparation Methods

ChemInform ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (25) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
Carlos Bendicho ◽  
Isela Lavilla ◽  
Francisco Pena ◽  
Marta Costas
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Green Sample ◽  
Sample Preparation Methods
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