Improving sustainable office building operation by using historical data and linear models to predict energy usage

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 107-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majeed Safa ◽  
Mahdi Safa ◽  
Jeremy Allen ◽  
Arash Shahi ◽  
Carl T. Haas
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Building Operation

scholarly journals Assessment of Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) in Transitional Spaces of a High-Rise Building

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Nooriati Taib ◽  
Zalila Ali
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Physiological Equivalent Temperature ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Transitional Spaces ◽  
International Publishing

One passive approach that can significantly reduce energy usage in high-rise buildings is through the creation of non-air conditioned spaces such as transitional spaces. Optimizing passive design would reduce wastage associated with the building’s energy consumption. The study measures the thermal comfort of three types of transitional spaces (sky court, balcony, and rooftop) in a high-rise office building. Based on the assessment of Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET), the outcome showed significant differences in PET in all locations in both wet and dry season. The effectiveness of such area can be improved with the contributions of landscape, maximizing natural ventilation and day lighting where possible.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Thermal comfort; transitional spaces; high-rise; Physiological Equivalent Temperature

scholarly journals A Multi-User Personal Indoor Localization System Employing Graph-Based Optimization

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał R. Nowicki ◽  
Piotr Skrzypczyński
Keyword(s):  
Particle Filter ◽  
Indoor Localization ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Dead Reckoning ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Localization System ◽  
Multiple Users ◽  
User Scenario ◽  
Single User

Personal indoor localization with smartphones is a well-researched area, with a number of approaches solving the problem separately for individual users. Most commonly, a particle filter is used to fuse information from dead reckoning and WiFi or Bluetooth adapters to provide an accurate location of the person holding a smartphone. Unfortunately, the existing solutions largely ignore the gains that emerge when a single localization system estimates locations of multiple users in the same environment. Approaches based on filtration maintain only estimates of the current poses of the users, marginalizing the historical data. Therefore, it is difficult to fuse data from multiple individual trajectories that are usually not perfectly synchronized in time. We propose a system that fuses the information from WiFi and dead reckoning employing the graph-based optimization, which is widely applied in robotics. The presented system can be used for localization of a single user, but the improvement is especially visible when this approach is extended to a multi-user scenario. The article presents a number of experiments performed with a smartphone inside an office building. These experiments demonstrate that graph-based optimization can be used as an efficient fusion mechanism to obtain accurate trajectory estimates both in the case of a single user and in a multi-user indoor localization system. The code of our system together with recorded dataset will be made available when the paper gets published.

ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE AND SAVING BENEFIT OF EXTERNAL SHADING DEVICES VIA PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY GENERATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Pushkar
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Life Cycle Assessments ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Shading Devices ◽  
Building Operation ◽  
Major Reduction

The aim of the study is to evaluate both environmental damage and saving benefit in selecting building shading devices. The environmental damage from the production and construction (P&C) of shading devices is evaluated. The saving benefit, i.e., decreasing building operation energy (OE), due to installing shading devices is evaluated. A simple office building module is used. The external shading devices are constructed from concrete-based external shading devices and aluminum-based light shelf devices. Energy design via Life Cycle Energy Assessment (LCEA) and environmental design via Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) are applied. Environmental design is performed when PV energy generation is used. It was found that in energy design, 40% of building OE saving benefit is required to compensate energy needed for the P&C of shading devices. In environmental design, 100% of the building OE saving benefit is required to compensate for environmental damage stemming from the P&C of shading devices. It was concluded that in energy design, in addition to OE, P&C energy should be evaluated. In environmental design, due to a major reduction in the OE saving benefit, the importance of the P&C environmental damage increased. Environmental design cannot be replaced with energy design when PV energy generation is assumed for building OE needs.

scholarly journals Combinatorial Bayesian Dynamic Linear Models of Bridge Monitored Data and Reliability Prediction

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueping Fan ◽  
Yuefei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Polynomial Function ◽  
Reliability Prediction ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Dynamic Linear Models ◽  
Monitoring Mechanism ◽  
Real Time Data ◽  
Order Polynomial

Considering the uncertainties and randomness of the mass structural health monitored data, the objectives of this paper are to present (a) a procedure for effective incorporation of the monitored data for the reliability prediction of structural components or structures, (b) one transforming method of Bayesian dynamic linear models (BDLMs) based on 1-order polynomial function, (c) model monitoring mechanism used to look for possible abnormal data based on BDLMs, (d) combinatorial Bayesian dynamic linear models based on the multiple BDLMs and their corresponding weights of prediction precision, and (e) an effective way of taking advantage of combinatorial Bayesian dynamic linear models to incorporate the historical data and real-time data in structural time-variant reliability prediction. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the application and feasibility of the proposed procedures and concepts.

scholarly journals A METHOD OF OPTIMIZING FENESTRATION DESIGN FOR DAYLIGHTING TO REDUCE HEATING AND COOLING LOADS IN OFFICES

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 714-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik Voll ◽  
Erkki Seinre
Keyword(s):  
Office Building ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Design Calculations ◽  
Cooling Loads ◽  
Building Designs ◽  
Window Design ◽  
Careful Design

Modern office building designs tend to increase the window share per facade to make the building more impressive with extensive visibility and well daylit rooms. In general, an increased window share results in higher energy usage and higher costs of heating and cooling, but these disadvantages can be reduced with a more careful design. The aim of this paper is to show the influence of window design and room layout on heating and cooling demand and daylight availability in office buildings in northern Europe. The results in the paper are based on design calculations for two different room types and daylight measurements on two room scale models in a daylight laboratory. The calculations show the influence of window design parameters on the cooling and heating demand. The daylight measurements show the influence of window design parameters on the availability of daylight. The results have then been combined to show a feasible window design regarding daylight availability and the resulting cooling and heating demands for different window orientations. The results show that in most cases it is possible to find a combination of window share and window solar factor that is feasible with regard to daylight as well as cooling and heating. The main finding is that there is a smaller or wider range of feasible designs for different window orientations.

Preferred Communication Channels to Foster Energy Conservation Behaviour among Public Office Building Users: A Study in Kota Iskandar

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yee Ying Lee ◽  
Weng Wai Choong ◽  
Abdul Hakim Mohammed ◽  
Fatin Aliah Phang Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
State Government ◽  
Communication Channels ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Property Development ◽  
Public Office ◽  
The Town

Energy is an important source for a nation to achieve development and urbanisation. In Malaysia, the need for energy efficiency was explicitly addressed in the Ninth and Tenth Malaysia Plans. The Malaysian government has directed all government office buildings to reduce their energy usage by 10%. However, the lack of awareness and inappropriate behaviour among building users are barriers. It is believed that the successful use of appropriate communication channels can improve commitment and behaviour among building users to conserve energy. Hence, this research examines which communication channels are preferred by government office users to foster energy conservation behaviour. This research focuses on government staff working in public office building at Kota Iskandar, which is located in a new developing township of Nusajaya, one of the largest property development projects in Southeast Asia. The town is newly constructed and therefore wastage due to obsolescence factors can be minimised. Questionnaires were distributed to the staff at the State Government Department Complexes. This survey indicated that respondents highly appreciate visual communication when receiving information, while posters emerged as the most effective and preferable information-delivering channel for respondents.

scholarly journals Consumption Optimization in an Office Building Considering Flexible Loads and User Comfort

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Khorram ◽  
Pedro Faria ◽  
Omid Abrishambaf ◽  
Zita Vale
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Flexible Loads ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Operation Cycle ◽  
Building Operation ◽  
User Comfort

This paper presents a multiperiod optimization algorithm that is implemented in a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system. The algorithm controls lights and air conditioners as flexible loads to reduce the consumption and controls a dishwasher as a deferrable load to implement the load shifting. Several parameters are considered to implement the algorithm for several successive periods in a real building operation. In the proposed methodology, optimization is done regarding user comfort, which is modeled in the objective function related to the indoor temperature in each room, and in the constraints in order to prevent excessive power reduction, according to users’ preferences. Additionally, the operation cycle of a dishwasher is included, and the algorithm selects the best starting point based on the appliance weights and power availability in each period. With the proposed methodology, the building energy manager can specify the moments when the optimization is run with consideration of the operational constraints. Accordingly, the main contribution of the paper is to provide and integrate a methodology to minimize the difference between the actual and the desired temperature in each room, as a measure of comfort, respecting constraints that can be easily bounded by building users and manager. The case study considers the real consumption data of an office building which contains 20 lights, 10 ACs, and one dishwasher. Three scenarios have been designed to focus on different functionalities. The outcomes of the paper include proof of the performance of the optimization algorithm and how such a system can effectively minimize electricity consumption by implementing demand response programs and using them in smart grid contexts.

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