Potential cytotoxic and mutagenic effect of Pinus wallichiana, Daphne oleiodes and Bidens chinensis

The mutagenic effect of ethidium bromide on the mitochondrial DNA is well established. Using thin section electron microscopy, it was shown that when yeast cells were grown in the presence of ethidium bromide, besides alterations in the mitochondria, the plasma membrane also showed alterations consisting of 75 to 110 nm-deep pits. Furthermore, ethidium bromide induced an increase in the length and number of endoplasmic reticulum and in the number of intracytoplasmic vesicles.Freeze-fracture, by splitting the hydrophobic region of the membrane, allows the visualization of the surface view of the membrane, and consequently, any alteration induced by ethidium bromide on the membrane can be better examined by this method than by the thin section method.Yeast cells, Candida utilis. were grown in the presence of 35 μM ethidium bromide. Cells were harvested and freeze-fractured according to the procedure previously described.

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The mutagenic effect of Streptomycin on the nutritional requirement of E. coli.(1)

Nippon Saikingaku Zasshi ◽

10.3412/jsb.14.556 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 556-560

Author(s):

Naohiko TAMURA

Keyword(s):

Mutagenic Effect ◽

Nutritional Requirement ◽

E Coli

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Bioactive Constituents from South American Prosopis and their Use and Toxicity

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612826666200102143755 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 542-555 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Guillermo Schmeda-Hirschmann ◽

Cristina Theoduloz ◽

Felipe Jiménez-Aspee ◽

Javier Echeverría

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Mutagenic Effect ◽

Domestic Animals ◽

Antioxidant Effect ◽

South American ◽

Bioactive Constituents ◽

Hand Search ◽

By Products ◽

Semi Arid

Background: The pods from several South American Prosopis species have been considered relevant food in arid and semi-arid South America since prehistoric times. Traditionally the meal from the pods was processed to prepare different foods and beverages. Objective: The objective was to discuss literature from the archaeological evidence of use to study the chemistry and (bio)activity of the extracts and secondary metabolites occurring in different Prosopis food products. Method: The review was carried out by searching electronic databases, including ScienceDirect, SciFinder, Scopus, Scielo, Google Scholar, PubMed and hand-search on literature. The review mainly covers studies performed in the year 1995-2019 and the first-hand experience of the authors. References on the historical and prehistorical uses of the natural resource were also included. Results: In the last decades, most studies on the edible South American Prosopis focused on the constituents of pods meal, traditional preparations and by-products. Total 45 flavonoids, ellagic acid derivatives, catechin and simple phenolics were identified. Alkaloids occur mainly in the leaves, that are not used for human nutrition but as food for domestic animals. Piperidine alkaloids, tryptamine, tyramine and β-phenethylamine were isolated and identified from several species. The (bio)activity studies included mainly the antioxidant effect, antiinflammatory and enzyme inhibition associated with metabolic syndrome. The products showed no toxicity or mutagenic effect. Conclusions: While data on the chemistry, some (bio)activities and toxicity are available for the pods meal and byproducts, little is known about the composition of the fermented Algarrobo beverages. Further studies are needed on the digestion of Algarrobo products both in humans and cattle.

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Pinus wallichiana: Farjon, A.

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species ◽

10.2305/iucn.uk.2013-1.rlts.t42427a2979371.en ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Pinus Wallichiana

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Interaction Between Mutations in the suppressor of Hairy wing and modifier of mdg4 Genes of Drosophila melunogaster Affecting the Phenotype of gypsy-Induced Mutations

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/142.2.425 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 142 (2) ◽

pp. 425-436 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Pavel Georgiev ◽

Marina Kozycina

Keyword(s):

Mutagenic Effect ◽

Induced Mutations ◽

Binding Region ◽

Direct Inhibition ◽

Amino Terminal ◽

Acidic Domain ◽

Complete Inactivation ◽

Insulation Effect ◽

Gypsy Retrotransposon ◽

Carboxy Terminal

Abstract The suppressor of Hairy-wing [su(Hw)] protein mediates the mutagenic effect of the gypsy retrotransposon by repressing the function of transcriptional enhancers located distally from the promoter with respect to the position of the su(Hw)-binding region. Mutations in a second gene, modifier of mdg4, also affect the gypsy-induced phenotype. Two major effects of the mod(mdg4)lul mutation can be distinguished: the interference with insulation by the su(Hw)-binding region and direct inhibition of gene expression that is not dependent on the su(Hw)-binding region position. The mod(mdg4)lul mutation partially suppresses ct6, scD1 and Hw1 mutations, possibly by interfering with the insulation effect of the su(Hw)-binding region. An example of the second effect of mod(mdg4)lul is a complete inactivation of yellow expression in combination with the y 2 allele. Phenotypic analyses of flies with combinations of mod(mdg4)lul and different su(Hw) mutations, or with constructions carrying deletions of the acidic domains of the su(Hw) protein, suggest that the carboxy-terminal acidic domain is important for direct inhibition of yellow transcription in bristles, while the amino-terminal acidic domain is more essential for insulation.

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Mutagenic effect of argemone oil in Oryza sativa L.

Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis ◽

10.1016/0027-5107(77)90160-9 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 191-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T.P. Reddy ◽

K. Vaidyanath

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Mutagenic Effect

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Spontaneous Mutations That Confer Antibiotic Resistance inHelicobacter pylori

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.45.3.727-733.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 727-733 ◽

Cited By ~ 91

Author(s):

Ge Wang ◽

Trevor J. M. Wilson ◽

Qin Jiang ◽

Diane E. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Mutant Allele ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Mutagenic Effect ◽

Serial Passage ◽

Sublethal Dose ◽

23S Rrna ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Spontaneous Mutations ◽

H Pylori

ABSTRACT In this study, we systematically examined in vitro frequencies and spectra of the spontaneous mutations in Helicobacter pylori that confer resistance to clarithromycin (Clar), metronidazole (Mtzr), amoxicillin (Amxr), ciprofloxacin (Cipr), and rifampin (Rifr). The mutation rate of Rifror Cipr determined in a fluctuation assay is 1 × 10−8 to 2 × 10−8 per cell per division. In contrast, the mutation rates of Clar, Mtzr, and Amxr are much lower (<10−9). However, Mtzr mutants could be readily selected in vitro by using the serial passage method, suggesting that the mutagenic effect and selective effect of a sublethal dose of metronidazole contribute to the rapid development of Mtzr. Analysis of spontaneous Rifr, Clar, and Cipr mutants confirmed previous results indicating that mutations within therpoB gene, the 23S rRNA gene, and thegyrA gene, respectively, are responsible; also, several new mutant alleles were identified. Mtzrmutants resulted most frequently, but not always, from mutations in the rdxA gene. DNA fragments containing each mutant allele could readily transform susceptibleH. pylori strains to resistance, confirming that each mutant allele is responsible for the resistance phenotype.

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Non-B DNA-Forming Motifs Promote Mfd-Dependent Stationary-Phase Mutagenesis in Bacillus subtilis

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9061284 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 1284

Author(s):

Tatiana Ermi ◽

Carmen Vallin ◽

Ana Gabriela Regalado García ◽

Moises Bravo ◽

Ismaray Fernandez Cordero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Stationary Phase ◽

Genome Instability ◽

Mutagenic Effect ◽

Genetic Changes ◽

Dna Structures ◽

Coding Regions ◽

G4 Dna ◽

Stressed Cells ◽

Growing Conditions

Transcription-induced mutagenic mechanisms limit genetic changes to times when expression happens and to coding DNA. It has been hypothesized that intrinsic sequences that have the potential to form alternate DNA structures, such as non-B DNA structures, influence these mechanisms. Non-B DNA structures are promoted by transcription and induce genome instability in eukaryotic cells, but their impact in bacterial genomes is less known. Here, we investigated if G4 DNA- and hairpin-forming motifs influence stationary-phase mutagenesis in Bacillus subtilis. We developed a system to measure the influence of non-B DNA on B. subtilis stationary-phase mutagenesis by deleting the wild-type argF at its chromosomal position and introducing IPTG-inducible argF alleles differing in their ability to form hairpin and G4 DNA structures into an ectopic locus. Using this system, we found that sequences predicted to form non-B DNA structures promoted mutagenesis in B. subtilis stationary-phase cells; such a response did not occur in growing conditions. We also found that the transcription-coupled repair factor Mfd promoted mutagenesis at these predicted structures. In summary, we showed that non-B DNA-forming motifs promote genetic instability, particularly in coding regions in stressed cells; therefore, non-B DNA structures may have a spatial and temporal mutagenic effect in bacteria. This study provides insights into mechanisms that prevent or promote mutagenesis and advances our understanding of processes underlying bacterial evolution.

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