Postnatal developmental changes of the small intestinal villus height, crypt depth and hexose transporter mRNA expression in supplemental feeding and grazing goats

The effects of dietary chitosan-copper chelate (CS-Cu) on growth performance, diarrhea, intestinal morphology and epithelial cell apoptosis in weaned piglets was investigated. One hundred and sixty Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire weanling barrows with an average body weight of 7.75 kg were randomly assigned to one of the following dietary treatments: (1) control, (2) 100 mg Cu/kg diet from CuSO4, (3) 100 mg Cu/kg diet from CuSO4 mixed with chitosan (CuSO4+CS), (4) 100 mg Cu/kg diet from CS-Cu. The feeding trial lasted for 30 days. The results showed that the pigs receiving a diet containing CS-Cu had higher average daily gain and lower diarrhea incidence than the pigs receiving dietary CuSO4 and CuSO4+CS. Villus height and the ratio of villus height/crypt depth in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were higher and crypt depth was lower in CS-Cu treated pigs than in pigs fed dietary CuSO4 or CuSO4+CS. An apparent decrease of ileal epithelial cell apoptosis in pigs fed CS-Cu diet was found. The activities of antioxidant enzymes were higher in pigs fed dietary CS-Cu than in those fed other diets. The results indicated that dietary CS-Cu showed better biological and physiological function in improving small intestinal morphology and reducing diarrhea incidence.

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Synthesis of membrane glycoproteins in rat small-intestinal villus cells. Redistribution of l-[1,5,6-3H]-fucose-labelled membrane glycoproteins among Golgi, lateral basal and microvillus membranes in vivo

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj1820203 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 182 (1) ◽

pp. 203-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Andrea Quaroni ◽

Katharina Kirsch ◽

Milton M. Weiser

Keyword(s):

Golgi Complex ◽

Membrane Fraction ◽

Surface Membrane ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Membrane Glycoproteins ◽

Intestinal Villus ◽

Microvillus Membrane ◽

Small Intestinal ◽

Small Intestinal Villus

The biogenesis of plasmalemma glycoproteins of rat small-intestinal villus cells was studied by following the incorporation of l-[1,5,6-3H]fucose, given intraperitoneally with and without chase, into Golgi, lateral basal and microvillus membranes. Each membrane fraction showed distinct kinetics of incorporation of labelled fucose and was differently affected by the chase, which produced a much greater decrease in incorporation of label into Golgi and microvillus than into lateral basal membranes. The kinetic data suggest a redistribution of newly synthesized glycoproteins from the site of fucosylation, the Golgi complex, directly into both lateral basal and microvillus membranes. The observed biphasic pattern of label incorporation into the microvillus membrane fraction may be evidence for a second indirect route of incorporation. The selective effect of the chase suggests the presence of two different pools of radioactive fucose in the Golgi complex that differ in (1) their accessibility to dilution with non-radioactive fucose, and (2) their utilization for the biosynthesis of membrane glycoproteins subsequently destined for either the microvillus or the lateral basal parts of the plasmalemma. The radioactively labelled glycoproteins of the different membrane fractions were separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-slab-gel electrophoresis and identified by fluorography. The patterns of labelled glycoproteins in Golgi and lateral basal membranes were identical at all times. At least 14 bands could be identified shortly after radioactive-fucose injection. Most seemed to disappear at later times, although one of them, which was never observed in microvillus membranes, increased in relative intensity. All but two of the labelled glycoproteins present in the microvillus membrane corresponded to those observed in Golgi and lateral basal membranes shortly after fucose injection. The patterns of labelled glycoproteins in all membrane fractions were little affected by the chase. These data support a flow concept for the insertion of most surface-membrane glycoproteins of the intestinal villus cells.

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Dietary Moutan Cortex Radicis Alters Serum Antioxidant Capacity, Intestinal Immunity and Colonic Microbiota in Weaned Piglets

10.21203/rs.3.rs-95711/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Miaomiao Bai ◽

Hongnan Liu ◽

Shanshan Wang ◽

Qingyan Shu ◽

Kang Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Catalase Activity ◽

Nuclear Factor Kappa B ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Nuclear Factor ◽

Weaned Piglets ◽

Villus Height ◽

Crypt Depth ◽

Moutan Cortex

Abstract Background: Moutan cortex radicis (MCR), as a common traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used as antipyretic, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory agent in China. However, few studies have evaluated the positive effects of MCR, as a new feed additives, on alleviating weaning stress and improving intestinal health and microbiom in pigs. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary MCR supplementation on serum antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology, anti-inflammatory mechanism, and microbiota in weaned piglets.Results: Supplemental 2000 mg/kg and 4000 mg/kg MCR increased (P < 0.05) the final body weight, ADG and ADFI of weaned piglets, and 2000 mg/kg MCR diet significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the F/G ratio and increased (P < 0.05) serum catalase activity compared with CON group. Also, the villus height and crypt depth in the ileum and the concentrations of total SCFA, acetic acid, butyric acid and valeric acid in the colonic contents were higher (P < 0.05) in the 2000 mg/kg and 4000 mg/kg MCR diets than CON group. Dietary MCR supplementation at 4000 mg/kg MCR significantly increased (P < 0.05) total antioxidative capability and the crypt depth in the jejunum but decreased (P < 0.05) the mRNA expression levels of Interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, inhibiting kappa B kinase β (IKKβ), inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-B (IκBα) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) in the jejunum and ileum. Supplemental 8000 mg/kg MCR had the higher total antioxidative capability and catalase activity in the serum but decreased (P < 0.05) the villus height and crypt depth in the jejunum compared with the CON group. MCR addition reduced (P < 0.05) serum malondialdehyde content, and tended to increase the mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 in the ileum (P = 0.066) compared to the CON group. Microbiota sequencing identified the microbial richness indices (Chao1, ACE, and observed species), the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus were increased (P < 0.05), and the relative abundances of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, unidentified_Lachnospiraceae and Enterococcus were reduced (P < 0.05) by MCR supplemented. Microbial metabolic phenotypes analysis also showed that the richness of aerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobic bacteria, oxidative stress tolerance, and biofilm forming were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the richness of anaerobic bacteria and pathogenic potential of gut microbiota were reduced (P < 0.05) by MCR treatment. Conclusions: In antibiotic-free diets, MCR supplementation improved growth performance and serum antioxidant capacity, alleviated intestinal inflammatory by inhibiting IKKβ/IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathway and affecting intestinal microbiota in weaned piglets.

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Oral IGF-I enhances nutrient and electrolyte absorption in neonatal piglet intestine

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1999.277.3.g619 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 277 (3) ◽

pp. G619-G625 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Andrew N. Alexander ◽

Hannah V. Carey

Keyword(s):

Short Circuit ◽

Short Circuit Current ◽

Intestinal Villus ◽

Ileal Mucosa ◽

Body Weights ◽

Igf I ◽

Small Intestinal ◽

Small Intestinal Villus ◽

Mucosal Mass ◽

And Function

The effect of orally administered insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) on small intestinal structure and function was studied in 5-day-old colostrum-deprived piglets. Human recombinant IGF-I (3.5 mg ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ day−1) or control vehicle was given orogastrically for 4 days. Body weights, jejunal and ileal mucosa wet and dry weights, and serum IGF-I levels were similar in the two groups. Small intestinal villus height and crypt depth and jejunal enterocyte microvillar dimensions were also similar between groups. Oral IGF-I produced higher rates of jejunal ion transport because of increased basal Na+ absorption. Short-circuit current responses to mucosal addition ofd-glucose andl-alanine and net transepithelial absorption of 3- O-methylglucose were increased by IGF-I. Carrier-mediated uptake ofd-glucose per milligram in everted jejunal sleeves was greater in IGF-I-treated piglets because of a significantly greater maximal rate of uptake. We conclude that rates of net Na+ and Na+-dependent nutrient absorption are enhanced in piglets treated with oral IGF-I, and this effect is independent of changes in mucosal mass or surface area.

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Characterization of small intestinal water, sodium, and potassium transport and morphology in the pig

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y92-016 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 113-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

D. J. Leddin

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Intestinal Transport ◽

Potassium Transport ◽

Villus Height ◽

Crypt Depth ◽

Potassium Absorption ◽

Small Intestinal ◽

Sodium And Potassium

The suitability of the young pig for studies of intestinal transport was investigated by determination of net water, sodium, and potassium absorption, and morphometry in jejunum and ileum. Active net absorption was seen in both jejunum and ileum. There was no difference in absorption between segments and there was a good correlation between water and electrolyte transport. Heart rate, arterial pressure, and absorption were constant with time. Villus height and width were similar to those of human, but crypt depth was greater, and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth less. The mucosa was partially permeable to polyethylene glycol 4000 and this marker is not suitable for studies of transport in young pigs.Key words: pig, intestinal transport, morphology, polyethylene glycol.

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Onset of apoptotic DNA fragmentation can precede cell elimination by days in the small intestinal villus

Cell Death and Differentiation ◽

10.1038/sj.cdd.4400403 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 5 (8) ◽

pp. 702-709 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Maria Pompeiano ◽

Massimo Hvala ◽

Jerold Chun

Keyword(s):

Dna Fragmentation ◽

Intestinal Villus ◽

Small Intestinal ◽

Small Intestinal Villus

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Tu1489 Correlation Between Pancreatic Exocrine Function and Small-Intestinal Villus Form in Patients With Different Kind of Pancreatic Disorders

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(15)33076-6 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 148 (4) ◽

pp. S-907

Author(s):

Daijuro Hayashi ◽

Yoshiki Hirooka ◽

Hiroki Kawashima ◽

Eizaburo Ohno ◽

Hiroyuki Sugimoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Exocrine Function ◽

Exocrine Function ◽

Intestinal Villus ◽

Pancreatic Exocrine ◽

Pancreatic Disorders ◽

Small Intestinal ◽

Small Intestinal Villus

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Fortified Fermented Rice-Acid Can Regulate the Gut Microbiota in Mice and Improve the Antioxidant Capacity

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13124219 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 4219

Author(s):

Na Liu ◽

Likang Qin ◽

Xiafen Lu ◽

Yuxuan Zhao ◽

Song Miao

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Mouse Serum ◽

Intestinal Villus ◽

Villus Height ◽

Intestinal Crypt ◽

Crypt Depth ◽

Mixed Bacteria ◽

Inoculation Group

The study aimed to explore the effects of fortified fermented rice-acid on the antioxidant capacity of mouse serum and the gut microbiota. Hair characteristics, body mass index, intestinal villus height, intestinal crypt depth, serum antioxidant capacity, and gut microbiota of mice were first measured and the correlation between the antioxidant capacity of mouse serum and the gut microbiota was then explored. The mice in the lactic acid bacteria group (L-group), the mixed bacteria group (LY-group), and the rice soup group (R-group) kept their weight well and had better digestion. The mice in the L-group had the better hair quality (dense), but the hair quality in the R-group and the yeast group (Y-group) was relatively poor (sparse). In addition, the inoculation of Lactobacillus paracasei H4-11 (L. paracasei H4-11) and Kluyveromyces marxianus L1-1 (K. marxianus L1-1) increased the villus height/crypt depth of the mice (3.043 ± 0.406) compared to the non-inoculation group (R-group) (2.258 ± 0.248). The inoculation of L. paracasei H4-11 and K. marxianus L1-1 in fermented rice-acid enhanced the blood antioxidant capacity of mouse serum (glutathione 29.503 ± 6.604 umol/L, malonaldehyde 0.687 ± 0.125 mmol/L, catalase 15.644 ± 4.618 U/mL, superoxide dismutase 2.292 ± 0.201 U/mL). In the gut microbiota of L-group and LY-group, beneficial microorganisms (Lactobacillus and Blautia) increased, but harmful microorganisms (Candidatus Arthromitus and Erysipelotrichales) decreased. L. paracasei H4-11 and K. marxianus L1-1 might have a certain synergistic effect on the improvement in antibacterial function since they reduced harmful microorganisms in the gut microbiota of mice. The study provides the basis for the development of fortified fermented rice-acid products for regulating the gut microbiota and improving the antioxidant capacity.

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Effect of grapeseed procyanidins on small intestinal mucosa morphology and small intestinal development in weaned piglets

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an18638 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (16) ◽

pp. 1894

Author(s):

Huishi Yan ◽

Wenwei Gao ◽

Qinghong Li ◽

Hongquan Li ◽

Ruirong Hao

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Mucosa ◽

Dietary Supplementation ◽

Control Group ◽

Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽

Intestinal Development ◽

Weaned Piglets ◽

Villus Height ◽

Crypt Depth ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Small Intestinal

Context Grapeseed procyanidins (GSP) are widely recognised to have potential biological properties, and dietary supplementation with GSP could reduce diarrhoea incidence in weaned piglets. Aims This trial was conducted to investigate the effect of GSP on small intestinal mucosa morphology and small intestinal development in weaned piglets. Methods Seventy-two weaned piglets were randomly allocated into four dietary groups with three replicate pens per group and six piglets per pen. Each group received one of the following diets: a basal maize–soybean meal diet; or basal diet supplemented with 50, 100 or 150 mg GSP/kg. Small intestinal mucosa morphology and the expression of genes involved in improving small intestinal development were determined. Key results Morphological observations obtained by optical microscopy showed that the villus height of the duodenum and ileum increased in all groups receiving GSP, significantly (P < 0.05) so in the group receiving 100 mg GSP/kg compared with the control group. Crypt depth of the duodenum and ileum in the groups receiving 100 and 150 mg GSP/kg decreased compared with the control group. Similarly, the crypt depth of the jejunum in the group receiving 100 mg GSP/kg was significantly (P < 0.05) lowered. Moreover, the villus height/crypt depth ratio of each small intestinal segment in the group receiving 100 mg GSP/kg increased significantly (P < 0.01). Morphological observations obtained by scanning electron microscopy indicated that dietary supplementation with GSP was favourable for growth of small intestinal villi. Specifically, the villi of the small intestine in the group receiving 100 mg GSP/kg were most closely aligned, most uniform in size and clearest in structure. Furthermore, dietary supplementation with GSP increased the expression of genes encoding epidermal growth factor receptor, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and IGF-1 receptor in the duodenum, the group receiving 100 mg GSP/kg showing a significant (P < 0.05) increase. Conclusions Dietary supplementation with GSP could improve small intestinal mucosa morphology and promote small intestinal development. Dietary supplementation of 100 mg GSP/kg could be recommended for weaned piglets. Implications Dietary supplementation with GSP generated a beneficial role in small intestinal health in weaned piglets.

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