Field application of pure polyethylene microplastic has no significant short-term effect on soil biological quality and function

2021 ◽  
pp. 108496
Author(s):  
Robert W. Brown ◽  
David R. Chadwick ◽  
Harriet Thornton ◽  
Miles R. Marshall ◽  
Shuikuan Bei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Application ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Effect ◽  
Biological Quality ◽  
And Function

Field application of pelletized biochar: Short term effect on the hydrological properties of a silty clay loam soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 190-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Andrenelli ◽  
A. Maienza ◽  
L. Genesio ◽  
F. Miglietta ◽  
S. Pellegrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Application ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Effect ◽  
Loam Soil

A Newspaper’s Effect on the Strength of Automatic Associations in Memory

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Arendt
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term Effect ◽  
Automatic Associations ◽  
Foreign Nationality ◽  
The Impact

A test was done to see if reading a newspaper which consistently overrepresents foreigners as criminals strengthens the automatic association between foreign country and criminal in memory (i.e., implicit cultivation). Further, an investigation was done to find out if reading articles from the same newspaper produces a short-term effect on the same measure and if (1) emotionalization of the newspaper texts, (2) emotional reactions of the reader (indicated by arousal), and (3) attributed text credibility moderate the short-term treatment effect. Eighty-five participants were assigned to one of three experimental conditions. Participants in the control group received short factual crime texts, where the nationality of the offender was not mentioned. Participants in the factual treatment group received the same texts, but the foreign nationality was mentioned. Participants in the emotionalized treatment group received emotionalized articles (i.e., texts which are high in vividness and frequency) covering the same crimes, with the foreign nationality mentioned. Supporting empirical evidence for implicit cultivation and a short-term effect was found. However, only emotionalized articles produced a short-term effect on the strength of the automatic association, indicating that newspaper texts must have a minimum of stimulus intensity to overcome an effect threshold. There were no moderating effects of arousal or credibility pertaining to the impact on the implicit measure. However, credibility moderated the short-term effect on a first-order judgment (i.e., estimated frequency of foreigners of all criminals). This indicates that a newspaper’s effect on the strength of automatic associations is relatively independent from processes of propositional reasoning.

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