A new Si tetramer structure on Si (001)

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1661-1665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changqing Wang ◽  
Yongsheng Zhang ◽  
Yu Jia
Keyword(s):  
New Si ◽  
Tetramer Structure

A skeptic’s review of the New SI

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Price
Keyword(s):  
New Si

scholarly journals A review of swarm intelligence algorithms deployment for scheduling and optimization in cloud computing environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e696
Author(s):  
Yousef Qawqzeh ◽  
Mafawez T. Alharbi ◽  
Ayman Jaradat ◽  
Khalid Nazim Abdul Sattar
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Swarm Intelligence ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Collective Intelligence ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Cloud Computing Environment ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Intelligent Behavior ◽  
New Si

Background This review focuses on reviewing the recent publications of swarm intelligence algorithms (particle swarm optimization (PSO), ant colony optimization (ACO), artificial bee colony (ABC), and the firefly algorithm (FA)) in scheduling and optimization problems. Swarm intelligence (SI) can be described as the intelligent behavior of natural living animals, fishes, and insects. In fact, it is based on agent groups or populations in which they have a reliable connection among them and with their environment. Inside such a group or population, each agent (member) performs according to certain rules that make it capable of maximizing the overall utility of that certain group or population. It can be described as a collective intelligence among self-organized members in certain group or population. In fact, biology inspired many researchers to mimic the behavior of certain natural swarms (birds, animals, or insects) to solve some computational problems effectively. Methodology SI techniques were utilized in cloud computing environment seeking optimum scheduling strategies. Hence, the most recent publications (2015–2021) that belongs to SI algorithms are reviewed and summarized. Results It is clear that the number of algorithms for cloud computing optimization is increasing rapidly. The number of PSO, ACO, ABC, and FA related journal papers has been visibility increased. However, it is noticeably that many recently emerging algorithms were emerged based on the amendment on the original SI algorithms especially the PSO algorithm. Conclusions The major intention of this work is to motivate interested researchers to develop and innovate new SI-based solutions that can handle complex and multi-objective computational problems.

scholarly journals Adapting the International System of Units to the twenty-first century

2011 ◽  
Vol 369 (1953) ◽  
pp. 3907-3924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian M. Mills ◽  
Peter J. Mohr ◽  
Terry J. Quinn ◽  
Barry N. Taylor ◽  
Edwin R. Williams
Keyword(s):  
International System ◽  
International Committee ◽  
First Century ◽  
Weights And Measures ◽  
International System Of Units ◽  
System Of Units ◽  
Elementary Charge ◽  
Magnetic Constant ◽  
Base Units ◽  
New Si

We review the proposal of the International Committee for Weights and Measures (Comité International des Poids et Mesures, CIPM), currently being considered by the General Conference on Weights and Measures (Conférences Générales des Poids et Mesures, CGPM), to revise the International System of Units (Le Système International d'Unitès, SI). The proposal includes new definitions for four of the seven base units of the SI, and a new form of words to present the definitions of all the units. The objective of the proposed changes is to adopt definitions referenced to constants of nature, taken in the widest sense, so that the definitions may be based on what are believed to be true invariants. In particular, whereas in the current SI the kilogram, ampere, kelvin and mole are linked to exact numerical values of the mass of the international prototype of the kilogram, the magnetic constant (permeability of vacuum), the triple-point temperature of water and the molar mass of carbon-12, respectively, in the new SI these units are linked to exact numerical values of the Planck constant, the elementary charge, the Boltzmann constant and the Avogadro constant, respectively. The new wording used expresses the definitions in a simple and unambiguous manner without the need for the distinction between base and derived units. The importance of relations among the fundamental constants to the definitions, and the importance of establishing a mise en pratique for the realization of each definition, are also discussed.

scholarly journals Influence of Magnesia on Demoulding Strength of Colloidal Silica-Bonded Castables

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Lingling Zhu ◽  
Liugang Chen ◽  
Luoqiang Liu ◽  
Guotian Ye
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Bond ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transformation ◽  
Colloidal Silica ◽  
Primary Reason ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New Si ◽  
Strength Improvement

AbstractThe change in demoulding strength of colloidal silica-bonded castables with and without magnesia is investigated with emphasis on the relationship between the demoulding strength and chemical bond changes. It was confirmed that the demoulding strength was raised with the presence of magnesia in colloidal silica-bonded castables because of the increased chemical bonding between the sol particles. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicate the formation of new Si–O–Mg chemical bond from the decreased O 1s and Si 2p binding energy, and the appearance of weak vibration peaks at 668 and 419 cm−1 in the spectrum of colloidal silica with the addition of MgO after curing at 30°C for 24 hours. The reaction between colloidal silica and magnesia could promote the formation of –Si–O–Mg–O–Si–bonds, which is the primary reason for the demoulding strength improvement.

scholarly journals Towards a new SI: a review of progress made since 2011

Metrologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. R21-R30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J T Milton ◽  
Richard Davis ◽  
Nick Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
New Si

A New Si Doping Source for GaAs Growth by Molecular Beam Epitaxy

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (Part 2, No. 3B) ◽  
pp. L413-L416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiji Horikoshi ◽  
Mike R. Fahy ◽  
Minoru Kawashima ◽  
Kazuaki Furukawa ◽  
Masaie Fujino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Beam Epitaxy ◽  
Molecular Beam ◽  
Si Doping ◽  
New Si

scholarly journals A critical review of the proposed definitions of fundamental chemical quantities and their impact on chemical communities (IUPAC Technical Report)

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 951-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Marquardt ◽  
Juris Meija ◽  
Zoltan Mester ◽  
Marcy Towns ◽  
Ron Weir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Planck Constant ◽  
Amount Of Substance ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Avogadro Constant ◽  
Technical Report ◽  
Measurements In Chemistry ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Si

AbstractIn the proposed new SI, the kilogram will be redefined in terms of the Planck constant and the mole will be redefined in terms of the Avogadro constant. These redefinitions will have some consequences for measurements in chemistry. The goal of the Mole Project (IUPAC Project Number 2013-048-1-100) was to compile published work related to the definition of the quantity ‘amount of substance’, its unit the ‘mole’, and the consequence of these definitions on the unit of the quantity mass, the kilogram. The published work has been reviewed critically with the aim of assembling all possible aspects in order to enable IUPAC to judge the adequateness of the existing definitions or new proposals. Compilation and critical review relies on the broadest spectrum of interested IUPAC members.

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