scholarly journals Spatially varying racial inequities in cardiovascular health and the contribution of individual- and neighborhood-level characteristics across the United States: The REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 100473
Author(s):  
Loni Philip Tabb ◽  
Ana V. Diez Roux ◽  
Sharrelle Barber ◽  
Suzanne Judd ◽  
Gina Lovasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regards Study ◽  
Spatially Varying ◽  
Neighborhood Level

Racial segregation and cognitive function among older adults in the United States: Findings from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy Bohyun Jang ◽  
Margaret T Hicken ◽  
Megan Mullins ◽  
Michael Esposito ◽  
Ketlyne Sol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High School ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Regards Study

Abstract Objectives Residential segregation is one of the fundamental features of health disparities in the United States. Yet little research has examined how living in segregated metropolitan areas is related to cognitive function and cognitive decline with age. We examined the association between segregation at the Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) level and trajectories of age-related cognitive function. Method Using data from Black and White older adults in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study (n=18,913), we employed linear growth curve models to examine how living in racially segregated MSAs at baseline, measured by the degree of Non-Hispanic Black [NHB] isolation and NHB dissimilarity, was associated with trajectories of age-related cognitive function and how the associations varied by race and education. Results Living in MSAs with greater levels of isolation was associated with lower cognitive function (b=-0.093, p<0.05) but was not associated with rates of change in cognitive decline with age. No effects of living in isolated MSAs were found for those with at least a high school education, but older adults with less than a high school education had lower cognitive function in MSAs with greater isolation (b=-0.274, p<0.05). The degree of dissimilarity was not associated with cognitive function. The association between segregation and cognitive function did not vary by race. Discussion Metropolitan segregation was associated with lower cognitive function among older adults, especially for those with lower education living in racially isolated MSAs. This suggests complex associations between individual socioeconomic status, place, and cognitive health.

scholarly journals Racial and regional differences in age at menopause in the United States: findings from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study

2011 ◽  
Vol 205 (4) ◽  
pp. 353.e1-353.e8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine K. McKnight ◽  
Melissa F. Wellons ◽  
Cynthia K. Sites ◽  
David L. Roth ◽  
Jeff M. Szychowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age At Menopause ◽  
Regards Study

scholarly journals Geographic Variation in CKD Prevalence and ESRD Incidence in the United States: Results From the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikki M. Tanner ◽  
Orlando M. Gutiérrez ◽  
Suzanne Judd ◽  
William McClellan ◽  
C. Barrett Bowling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regards Study

scholarly journals Racial differences in nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 793-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Yawei Zhang ◽  
Shuangge Ma
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
The United States

Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cardiovascular Health in the United States

Medical Care ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 600-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanaka D. Shetty ◽  
William B. Vogt ◽  
Jayanta Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Health of Filipinos in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 518-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Jean Abesamis ◽  
Sharon Fruh ◽  
Heather Hall ◽  
Trey Lemley ◽  
Kimberly R. Zlomke
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
The United States

A comparison of two neighborhood-level socioeconomic indexes in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 100412
Author(s):  
Francis P. Boscoe ◽  
Bian Liu ◽  
Furrina Lee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Neighborhood Level

Abstract T P146: Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated With Stroke in Black and White Participants of the REGARDS Study

Stroke ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne E Judd ◽  
Virginia J Howard ◽  
Paul Muntner ◽  
Brett M Kissela ◽  
Bhupesh Panwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Regards Study

Objective: Black Americans are at greater risk of both stroke and vitamin D deficiency than white Americans. We have previously shown that both higher dietary vitamin D and sunlight exposure are associated with decreased risk of stroke; however, serum 25(OH) is thought to be a better marker of vitamin D status. Methods: Using a case cohort design, we examined the association of plasma 25(OH)D with incident stroke in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, a cohort of black and white participants from across the United States enrolled between 2003 and 2007. Medical records were reviewed by physicians and strokes were classified on the basis of symptoms and neuroimaging. Strokes through July 1, 2011 were included. A stratified cohort sample was selected to ensure approximately equal numbers of black and white participants and an equal distribution across ages. We used Cox proportional hazards models weighted back to the original 30,239 participants, excluding those with history of stroke. Serum 25(OH)D was measured by Immunodetection Systems ELISA. Results: Over mean follow-up of 4.4 years, there were 539 ischemic and 71 hemorrhagic strokes. The stroke-free sub-cohort included 939 participants. After adjustment for age, race, sex, education, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, atrial fibrillation, heart disease, physical activity, kidney function, calcium and phosphorous, 25(OH)D level 30 ng/mL. The direction of association was similar for hemorrhagic stroke though not statistically significant (HR=1.59; 95%CI=0.78, 3.24). Vitamin D deficiency was associated with an increased risk of all stroke (HR=1.54; 95%CI=1.05, 2.23). This effect was greater in blacks (HR=2.09; 95%CI=1.09, 3.99) than whites (HR=1.38; 95%CI=0.78, 2.42). Results were not as strong when we modeled 25(OH)D as a continuous variable (HR=0.99 per 1 ng/ml change in 25(OH)D; 95%CI=0.98, 1.01). Discussion: Similar to low vitamin D intake, vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for incident stroke. These findings support evidence from cardiovascular and cancer epidemiology that treating low 25(OH)D may prevent strokes.

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