Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cardiovascular Health in the United States

Medical Care ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 600-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanaka D. Shetty ◽  
William B. Vogt ◽  
Jayanta Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
The United States

Hormone replacement therapy is not associated with an increased risk of leukemia (United States)

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Ross ◽  
Penny J. Sinner ◽  
Cindy K. Blair ◽  
James R. Cerhan ◽  
Aaron R. Folsom
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Increased Risk

Hormone Replacement Therapy and the Risk of Incident Congestive Heart Failure: The Cardiovascular Health Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Rea ◽  
Bruce M. Psaty ◽  
Susan R. Heckbert ◽  
Mary Cushman ◽  
Elaine Meilahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study

scholarly journals The Effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy and Raloxifene on C-Reactive Protein and Homocysteine in Healthy Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized, Controlled Trial1

2000 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian W. Walsh ◽  
Sofia Paul ◽  
Robert A. Wild ◽  
Robert A. Dean ◽  
Russell P. Tracy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
The United States ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein

C-Reactive protein and homocysteine are independent risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease. This study compared the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and raloxifene on serum C-reactive protein and homocysteine levels as markers of cardiovascular risk in healthy postmenopausal women. Healthy postmenopausal women (n = 390) were enrolled in a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, 6-month trial at eight out-patient sites in the United States. Women were randomly assigned to receive continuous combined HRT (0.625 mg/day conjugated equine estrogen and 2.5 mg/day medroxyprogesterone acetate), raloxifene (60 or 120 mg/day), or placebo for 6 months. C-Reactive protein and homocysteine were measured in baseline and 6-month serum samples. HRT increased C-reactive protein levels by 84% (P < 0.001), whereas raloxifene (60 and 120 mg/day) had no significant effect (−6% and −4%, respectively; P > 0.2). Raloxifene (60 and 120 mg/day) significantly lowered serum levels of homocysteine by 8% (P = 0.014) and 6% (P = 0.024), respectively, similar to the 7% (P = 0.014) reduction obtained with HRT. We conclude that HRT and raloxifene lower serum homocysteine levels to a comparable extent in postmenopausal women. Whereas cardiovascular risk predicted by C-reactive protein in healthy postmenopausal women is not influenced by raloxifene, the relationship between elevated C-reactive protein levels with HRT and cardiovascular disease events requires further study.

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