Zebrafish (Danio rerio) model as an early stage screening tool to study the biodistribution and toxicity profile of doxorubicin-loaded mixed micelles

Malnutrition and cancer, diagnosis and treatment

memo - Magazine of European Medical Oncology ◽

10.1007/s12254-020-00672-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Angelika Beirer

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Cancer Cachexia ◽

Screening Tool ◽

Psychological Treatment ◽

Early Stage ◽

Nutritional Therapy ◽

German Society ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Nutritional Risk

Summary Background The prevalence of malnutrition in cancer patients ranges from about 20% to more than 70%. However, 10–20% of cancer patients’ deaths are related to malnutrition, not the malignancy itself. To reverse the pattern of weight loss, improve the patients’ quality of life, reduce the treatment toxicity, the psychological stress and the risk of mortality, the diagnosis of malnutrition should be made as early as possible to facilitate the best possible treatment. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted following guidelines of ESPEN (European Society for Clinical Nutrition), DGEM (German Society for Nutritional Medicine) and ASPEN (American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition). Results and conclusion To assess the risk of malnutrition, all cancer patients should be screened regularly with a valid screening tool (e.g., MUST [Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool], NRS [Nutritional Risk Screening] or PG-SGA [Scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment]). If risk of malnutrition is present, adequate nutritional therapy is recommended to stop involuntary weight loss. Patients should engage in exercise to maintain and improve muscle mass, strength and function. They should be offered regular dietetic counselling, and their muscle depletion should be monitored by determining fat-free mass. As cachectic patients in particular are at risk, the presence of cachexia should also be recognized at an early stage. Three consensus-based definitions are widely accepted: Fearon et al. and the EPCRC (European Palliative Care Research Collaborative) propose definitions specifically for cancer cachexia, while Evans et al. put forward a definition for cachexia associated with all types of underlying chronic diseases. However, if there is a cancer cachexia diagnosis, additional pharmacological and psychological treatment should be considered.

Download Full-text

Ecotoxicological Effect of Single and Combined Exposure of Carbamazepine and Cadmium on Female Danio rerio: A Multibiomarker Study

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9071362 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 1362 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chunhong Shi ◽

Yide He ◽

Jiaxin Liu ◽

Yue Lu ◽

Yuting Fan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endocrine Disruption ◽

Danio Rerio ◽

Antioxidant Systems ◽

Aquatic Environments ◽

Toxicity Profile ◽

Combined Exposure ◽

Single Exposure ◽

Aquatic Vertebrates ◽

Ecotoxicological Effect ◽

Environmental Relevance

In aquatic environments, organisms are exposed to mixtures of pollutants which may change the toxicity profile of each contaminant, compared to its toxicity alone. Carbamazepine (CBZ) and cadmium (Cd) are among the pollutants that co-occur in aquatic environments. To date, most research about their toxicity towards aquatic vertebrates is based on single exposure experiments. The present study aims to evaluate single and combined effects of CBZ and Cd on biomarkers in female Danio rerio (zebrafish) by exposing them to environmentally relevant concentrations of these two pollutants for ten days. Four kinds of biomarkers involved in antioxidant systems, energy metabolism, nervous system, and endocrine disruption, respectively, were studied. Our research results coincided with those of former studies in single exposure experiments. However, the combined exposure of CBZ and Cd exerted different responses from other studies in which these two contaminants were examined alone in zebrafish. The present study evidenced the need to conduct more coexposure studies to enhance the environmental relevance of these experimental results.

Download Full-text

Diagnostic algorithm for psoriatic arthritis in clinical practice of dermatologist

Russian Journal of Skin and Venereal Diseases ◽

10.18821/1560-9588-2016-19-1-36-40 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 36-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maria N. Chamurlieva ◽

T. V Korotaeva ◽

E. Yu Loginova ◽

E. A Batkaev

Keyword(s):

Psoriatic Arthritis ◽

Screening Tool ◽

Ultrasound Examination ◽

Early Stage ◽

Diagnostic Algorithm ◽

Positive Answer ◽

Classification Criteria ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

The study was carried out in 103 patients with psoriasis, who had the consultation of dermatologist and rheumatologist. Answers for 6 questions mPEST (Psoriasis Epydemiology Screening Tool) modified questionnaire were estimated, each positive answer corresponded to 1, PEST ≥ 3 was suggested the presence of psoriatic arthritis (PsA), PEST < 3 was considered the absence of PsA. All the patients were examined by rheumatologist, the gold standard was CASPAR (ClASsification criteria for Psoriatic Arthritis) criteria. If necessary the instrumental tests were performed: roentgenography, ultrasound examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and laboratory tests. At PEST ≥ 3 diagnosis of PsA was suspected in 60 (58.2%) of 103 patients. Diagnosis of PsA was confirmed by CASPAR criteria in 47 (45.6%) patients. mPEST less than 3 was in 43 (41.7%) of 103 patients. Diagnosis of PsA was absent by CASPAR criteria in 29 (67.4%) patients. Newly diagnosed PsA was in 32 (52.4%) of 61 patients. Any rheumatic disease, mainly PsA, can develop with psoriasis. mPEST questionnaire in most cases reveals PsA in early stage, however, its isolated use is insufficient to establish an accurate diagnosis, it requires a clear diagnostic algorithm of the disease, including consultation of rheumatologist, clinical and instrumental examination.

Download Full-text

Early Stage in Identifying Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Through Screening and Diagnosis

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.c5938.118419 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 660-663

Keyword(s):

Screening Tool ◽

Early Stage ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Development Stage ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Screening Tools ◽

Early Screening ◽

Positive Score ◽

Screening And Diagnosis

The objective of the paper was to evaluate developed screening tools on autism students’ as early detection detect early signs especially on visual for ASD children. The outcomes of early intervention in ASD can be improved but it depends types of the treatment. Method of collecting data was using tool, observation and interview. In design, flowchart and storyboard are produced. While in development stage, learning media and materials are presented with visualization in the form of sound, text, videos and pictures. The results of this study are a positive score and feedback from children with ASD. They are easy to focus in using this tool instead of conventional screening tool. The students really attract to something that related to technology. However, the suggestion of a screening for ASD when concerning from their parents or family. The quality of the instruments and screening procedure are the challenges faced during the process. The advantages of early screening and detection among ASD is very to avoid parents unnecessary worry among parents.

Download Full-text

A Pharmacophore-Based Approach to Demonstrating the Scope of Alcohol Dehydrogenases

10.26434/chemrxiv.13134767.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Katrina Madden ◽

Peter M.T. Todd ◽

Kouji Urata ◽

Angela Russell ◽

Kylie Vincent ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽

Screening Tool ◽

Early Stage ◽

Model Reaction ◽

Screening Tools ◽

High Tolerance ◽

Alcohol Dehydrogenases ◽

Ketone Reduction ◽

Culture Shift ◽

Chemical Groups

<p>Barriers to the ready adoption of biocatalysis into asymmetric synthesis for early stage medicinal chemistry are addressed, using ketone reduction by alcohol dehydrogenase as a model reaction. An efficient substrate screening approach is used to show the wide substrate scope of commercial alcohol dehydrogenase enzymes, with a high tolerance to chemical groups employed in drug discovery (heterocycle, trifluoromethyl and nitrile/nitro groups) observed. We use our screening data to build a preliminary predictive pharmacophore-based screening tool using Forge software, with a precision of 0.67/1, demonstrating the potential for developing substrate screening tools for commercially available enzymes without publically available structures. We hope that this work, combined with our simple protocols for scaleable H<sub>2</sub>-driven biocatalytic ketone reduction, will facilitate a culture shift towards adopting biocatalysis alongside traditional chemical catalytic methods.</p>

Download Full-text

Mammogram: Association of Music with Anxiety among Malaysian Woman – A Systematic Review.

European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences ◽

10.24018/ejmed.2020.2.2.237 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Nur Fatin Ruslizam ◽

Nur Nadiah Fatihah Ab Malek ◽

Norhayati Mohd Zain ◽

Nur Anis Izzati Che Nut ◽

Norhashimah Mohd Norsuddin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Cancer Pain ◽

Music Therapy ◽

Mammography Screening ◽

Screening Tool ◽

Early Stage ◽

Database Search ◽

X Ray ◽

Detect Breast Cancer

Mammography is one of the screening tool that using x-ray dose to detect breast cancer at early stage for women older than 40 years old. By performing mammography screening annually, it can decrease mortality from breast cancer. Pain and anxiety often a hindrance to the rate of intake of mammography screening among the women. A systematic review was conducted to know the association of music with anxiety and pain on patients during mammography screening. Review identification was performed through a database search on MEDLINE and CINAHL, and 2 qualified studies were selected. The keyword used is “music therapy”, “anxiety”, ‘pain”, and “mammography”. A total of 2 articles showed the use of music among women who undergoing mammography screening. The previous studies showed that the use of music can decrease level of pain and anxiety among women during mammography screening. Thus, applying music during the screening should be implemented to encourage women for annual mammography screening.

Download Full-text

Utility of Comprehensive Serum Glycopeptide Spectra Analysis (CSGSA) for the Detection of Early Stage Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers12092374 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 2374

Author(s):

Koji Matsuo ◽

Kazuhiro Tanabe ◽

Masaru Hayashi ◽

Masae Ikeda ◽

Miwa Yasaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ◽

Diagnostic Performance ◽

Screening Tool ◽

Early Stage ◽

Cancer Antigen 125 ◽

Cancer Antigen ◽

Spectra Analysis ◽

Human Epididymis Protein 4 ◽

Human Epididymis

Comprehensive serum glycopeptide spectra analysis (CSGSA) evaluates >10,000 serum glycopeptides and identifies unique glycopeptide peaks and patterns via supervised orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant modeling. CSGSA was more accurate than cancer antigen 125 (CA125) or human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) for detecting early stage epithelial ovarian cancer. Combined CSGSA, CA125, and HE4 had improved diagnostic performance. Thus, CSGSA may be a useful screening tool for detecting early stage epithelial ovarian cancer.

Download Full-text

Bioaccumulation and Toxicity Effects of Flubendiamide in Zebrafish (Danio Rerio)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-862021/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zhiyuan Meng ◽

Zhichao Wang ◽

xiaojun Chen ◽

Yueyi Song ◽

Miaomiao Teng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Danio Rerio ◽

Structural Damage ◽

Biochemical Analysis ◽

Early Stage ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Histopathological Analysis ◽

Caspase 9 ◽

Somatic Index ◽

Physiological And Biochemical ◽

Toxicity Effects

Abstract As a diamide insecticide, flubendiamide is widely used and has many adverse effects on environmental organisms. In this study, bioaccumulation and toxicity effects of flubendiamide in zebrafish (Danio rerio) were studied. Specifically, the results showed that the concentrations of flubendiamide increased in the early stage and achieved steady stages at 14 days and the bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of flubendiamide in zebrafish were 1.125 - 2.011. Furthermore, flubendiamide had no significant effects on the growth phenotypes of zebrafish. However, zebrafish hepatic somatic index (HSI) of zebrafish had changed significantly with exposure. Histopathological analysis showed that exposure to flubendiamide could cause structural damage to liver tissue of zebrafish. Further physiological and biochemical analysis showed that flubendiamide could significantly change the activity of CAT and the contents of MDA and GSH in liver of zebrafish. In particular, exposure to flubendiamide could also cause significant changes in the mRNA expression levels of cell apoptosis-related genes involving p53, puma, caspase-3, caspase-9, apaf-1 and bax in liver of zebrafish. In general, these results indicated that exposure to flubendiamide could induce liver damage by inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis in liver of zebrafish. The results of this study will help to further comprehensively evaluate the safety of flubendiamide to aquatic organisms.

Download Full-text