Upper and Lower Degree-Constrained Graph Orientation with Minimum Penalty

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichi Asahiro ◽  
Jesper Jansson ◽  
Eiji Miyano ◽  
Hirotaka Ono
Keyword(s):  
Lower Degree ◽  
Graph Orientation

Stories and the Self

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.

scholarly journals The risk of preterm birth in combinations of mental disorder and socioeconomic position among Danish women

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C K Knudsen ◽  
A M S Christensen ◽  
S Heuckendorff ◽  
K Fonager ◽  
C Overgaard
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Additive Interaction ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background Inequality in preterm birth is a public health challenge requiring identification of pregnant women at particularly high risk of preterm birth. Therefore, the aim was to estimate the risk of preterm birth in women with different combinations of mental health conditions and socioeconomic position. Methods Based on Danish registries, we conducted a nationwide cohort study including all first-time mothers giving birth to a singleton liveborn infant in Denmark between 2000 through 2016. We examined the risk of preterm birth (<37 weeks of gestation) in different combinations of mental health conditions (no, minor, and moderate/severe) and educational level (high, intermediate, and low) in three age strata (<25, 25-30, and >30 years). The relative risk of preterm birth was estimated using Poisson regression with a robust error variance. We measured the attributable proportion to assess additive interaction between the effects of exposures. Results Of the 415,523 included first time mothers, 29,069 (7,0%) gave birth preterm. The risk of preterm birth increased in combinations of higher degree of mental health conditions, lower degree of educational level, and increasing age. Women aged>30 years with moderate/severe mental health conditions and low educational level had the highest risk of preterm birth (13.7%). The analysis of additive interaction revealed only a limited additional effect of being exposed to mental health conditions and lower educational levels in each age strata. However, positive additive interaction was found between age>30 year and combinations of mental health conditions and educational level. Conclusions Substantial inequality in preterm birth remains with increasing risk in women with combinations of higher degree of mental health conditions and lower degree of educational level. In the prevention of inequality in preterm birth special attention on women aged>30 years exposed to mental health conditions and lower educational levels is essential

Industrial disability in the Japanese railways business: the activity of Testudō Kōsaikai, 1931–1955

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Toshitaka Nagahiro
Keyword(s):  
Job Training ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Railroad Industry ◽  
Lower Member ◽  
Degree Of Disability ◽  
Industrialization Process

Abstract The industrialization process generated many disabilities. However, the historical study of industrial disability has not progressed. This study examines disability welfare in the Japanese railroad industry. In particular, Testudō Kōsaikai, an organization of the Japanese National Railways (JNR) established in 1931, was uniquely devoted to welfare activities by linking a profit-making business and the provision of welfare. To cover welfare costs, such as providing workshops for disabled people, Kōsaikai conducted profit-making businesses, such as sales at station stalls. However, the welfare of disabled people in the JNR, including the activities of Kōsaikai, has not been previously examined. This study clarified the structure of disability welfare in the Japanese railroad industry until the early postwar period. People with a lower degree of disability, such as one upper or lower member amputation, were employed by the JNR, while some of these people were employed by Kōsaikai as sellers or officers, or accepted job training in Kōsaikai workshops. On the contrary, although few people with higher degrees of disability were employed by the JNR and Kōsaikai, the latter employed their family members to compensate them for their living costs.

scholarly journals Exploiting bounded signal flow for graph orientation based on cause-effect pairs

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britta Dorn ◽  
Falk Hüffner ◽  
Dominikus Krüger ◽  
Rolf Niedermeier ◽  
Johannes Uhlmann
Keyword(s):  
Graph Orientation ◽  
Signal Flow

Stimulus-Change Effects of Forcing in Alternation Behavior

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
Stimulus Change ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Alternation Behavior ◽  
Subsequent Removal ◽  
Transparent Barrier ◽  
Initial Attraction ◽  
High Degree

To test the hypothesis that forcing left or right in a T-maze produces more alternation because of the stimulus-change resulting from subsequent removal of the arm barrier, rats were given free-choice trials and forced trials with a wooden barrier (favouring a high degree of change) and with a transparent barrier (favouring a lower degree of change). Although alternation was unaffected by the three conditions, the percentage of first investigatory responses directed toward the alternate arm on Trial 2 was highest following forcing with the wooden barrier. It was concluded that a stimulus-change explanation for the effects of forcing was acceptable if these first investigatory responses were acknowledged as indices of initial attraction of attention by an arm.

scholarly journals Effects of Using Perineal Underwear on Discomfort and Shame in Angiography Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2480
Author(s):  
Eunhye Shin ◽  
Hanna Lee
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of this study is to develop and apply a type of perineal underwear that protects the patient’s physical privacy and to examine its effects on perineal discomfort and shame. This study collected primary data from 44 patients who visited Kyung Hee University hospital in Seoul city and were admitted to the neurosurgery ward to undergo angiography between 7 August 2017, and 30 April 2018. In this quasi-experimental study with a nonequivalent control group posttest-only design, participants were divided into an experimental group (n = 22) and a control group (n = 22). The control group used conventional protection, which involved wearing padding around the perineum, while the experimental group wore the perineal underwear developed in this study. The underwear group showed a significantly lower degree of shame (Z = −5.39, p < 0.001) and perineal discomfort (Z = −5.88, p < 0.001) than the padding group. In the padding group, women felt significantly more shame than men did (Z = −2.48, p = 0.013). The use of the perineal underwear developed in this study significantly reduced the degree of shame and perineal discomfort in patients undergoing angiography. Such perineal underwear could also be useful for protecting patients’ privacy during perineal examinations.

Abstract 14725: Association of Adipokines With Subclinical Myocardial Dysfunction - The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad R Ostovaneh ◽  
Bharath Ambale Venkatesh ◽  
Kihei Yoneyama ◽  
Shishir Sharma ◽  
Matthew A Allison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Fibrosis ◽  
T1 Mapping ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Current Analysis ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Stratified Analysis

Background: Adipokines such as adiponectin, leptin and resistin have been associated with heart failure. We explore the association of adipokines and myocardial fibrosis as MRI-derived measure of subclinical myocardial dysfunction. Methods: For the current analysis, we studied MESA subjects who had adiponectin, leptin, resistin and TNF-α measured at second/third follow-up exams (2003-2005) and underwent post gadolinium MRI T1 mapping at 25 minutes for assessment of myocardial fibrosis at the fifth follow-up exam (2010 -2012). Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the association of log-transformed adipokine levels with T1 time. BMI-stratified analysis was performed when the interaction term of BMI and adipokines was significant. Lower T1 time reflects greater myocardial fibrosis. Results: Four hundred and twenty three subjects (mean age: 61.4(8.1), 187 females) were included in the analysis. Median values of adiponectin, leptin, resistin and TNF-α were 16.9 μg/ml (IQR: 11-25), 11.1 ng/ml (IQR:5-25), 14 ng/ml(IQR:11-17) and 4.5 pg/ml(IQR:3.5-5.9). Higher adiponectin was associated with lower degree of myocardial fibrosis in subjects with BMI<25 (p = 0.005). Higher leptin in individuals with BMI≥30 (p<0.001) and higher resistin in those with BMI<25 (p=0.02) was associated with greater myocardial fibrosis. Conclusion: Higher adiponectin is associated with lower degree of myocardial fibrosis in normal weight subjects. Leptin in obese individuals and resistin in those with normal BMI are positively associated with myocardial fibrosis.

Foreign Employment, Income Shifting, and Tax Uncertainty

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine D. Drake ◽  
Nathan C. Goldman ◽  
Frank Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Selection Bias ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Income Shifting ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Tax Uncertainty

We examine the effect of foreign employment on two outcomes-income shifting and the tax uncertainty of foreign transactions. Using a hand-collected sample of employment disclosures, we partition our sample into firm-years with a higher or lower degree of foreign employment. Using two distinct income shifting models, we document that, on average, a high degree of foreign employment is associated with greater tax-motivated income shifting out of the U.S. We also posit and find that a high degree of foreign employment enhances the economic substance of foreign transactions, reducing the tax uncertainty associated with foreign income. We conduct additional analyses to mitigate selection bias concerns, and we use exogenous changes to the costs and benefits of income shifting using foreign employment to strengthen identification. Our results highlight firms' use of employees as part of a tax-efficient supply chain and how foreign employment enhances income shifting opportunities between jurisdictions.

Sur l'activité antibiotique de l'Armillaria mellea

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1395-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Richard
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Armillaria Mellea ◽  
Preliminary Extraction

Antibiotic activity of Armillaria mellea (Vahl ex Fr.) Kummer towards many fungi and bacteria, including some very important plant pathogens, was clearly established. Preliminary extraction trials have been negative. No direct relationship was found between the bioluminescence of A. mellea and its antibiotic activity. Clitocybe tabescens (Scop, ex Fr.) Bres. also possesses antibiotic capability, but to a much lower degree.

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