Effects of dietary vitamin supplementation and semen collection frequency on hormonal profile during ejaculation in the boar

Introduction: Cigarette smoking induces many chronic illnesses, but in developed countries it is a preventable risk factor. However, by increasing the protective protection mechanism, it may be possible to alleviate the smoke-induced damage. As smoking risk is minimised by vitamin C intake, it is recommended that smokers should take more vitamin C. This inverse correlation between both vitamin C intake and serum levels and smoking was independent of age, sex, body weight, ethnicity, and consumption of alcoholic beverages. The negative association between cigarette smoking and serum vitamin C levels continued, following further adjustment for dietary vitamin C intake. The risk of severe hypovitaminosis C, especially when not accompanied by vitamin supplementation, has been increased in smokers. These data indicate that the inverse relationship between smoking and serum vitamin C levels exists independently of dietary intake, while smoking adversely affects preferences for vitamin C rich foods. Methods: A survey method was performed, with 50 smokers (S) receiving either 500 mg of vitamin C or placebo (P) daily for 4 weeks, and 50 non-smokers receiving vitamin C without supplementation. All finished the hearing. Both groups were equal and C: 14.2 + /- 1.8 pack-years was the amount of cigarettes smoked. Concentrations of plasma vitamin C increased significantly (p < 0.005) only in the vitamin C supplement community. Results: At SMHRC Hospital Nagpur, we examined the relationship between smoking and vitamin C status, dietary and serum vitamin C levels of 100 participants. Smokers of 20 cigarettes a day had the lowest dietary intake of vitamin C and serum levels, whereas smokers of 1-19 cigarettes a day had lower intake of vitamin C and serum levels (compared to respondents who had never smoked. This inverse correlation between vitamin C and smoking intake and serum levels was independent of age, sex, body weight, race, and consumption of alcoholic beverages. The negative association between cigarette smoking and serum vitamin C levels continued, following further adjustment for dietary vitamin C intake. In smokers, the risk of severe hypo-vitaminosis C, particularly when not accompanied by vitamin supplementation, has increased. Conclusion: These data indicate that the inverse relationship between smoking and serum vitamin C levels exists independently of dietary intake, while smoking adversely affects preferences for vitamin C rich foods. A balanced diet for smokers will obtain a hearty recommendation at this time, but guidelines should remain cautious about high-dose nutrition supplements. Keywords: Chain Smoker, Vitamin C, hypo-vitaminosis C and cigarette.

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Vitamin A in diets for Nile tilapia

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162009000600005 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 66 (6) ◽

pp. 751-756 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Daniela Ferraz Bacconi Campeche ◽

Rodrigo Ramos Catharino ◽

Helena Teixeira Godoy ◽

José Eurico Possebon Cyrino

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Nile Tilapia ◽

Stocking Density ◽

Retinyl Palmitate ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Vitamin Supplementation ◽

Dietary Vitamin ◽

Farmed Fish ◽

Performance Variables ◽

Randomized Experimental Design

Dietary vitamin supplementation decrease stress caused by high stocking density, and boosts immunological system of farmed fish. A studied was carried out to determine vitamin A requirements of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in an all male group (13.8 ± 1.2 g) and a mixed sex population (9.8 ± 2.3 g). Fish stocked in 100-L plastic aquaria (26.0 ± 1.0ºC) were fed to near satiety, twice a day, seven days a week, during 75 days with vitamin A-free, semi-purified diets supplemented with 0; 600; 1,200; 1,800; 2,400; 3,000; 3,600; 4,200; 4,800 and 5,400 International Units (IU) of retinyl palmitate (30% vitamin A) per kg of diet in a completely randomized experimental design, factorial arrangement 2c10 (n = 4). Deficiency signs of vitamin A were observed in fish fed 0 to 1.200 IU vitamin A kg-1 diet; moderate signs were observed in fish fed diets with 1.800 to 3.600 IU vitamin A kg-1 diet; no interactions group*level (p < 0.05) were detected. Dietary levels of vitamin A up to 5.400 IU kg-1 influenced final weight and weight gain of fish (p < 0.05), but did not influence feed consumption (p > 0.05). A group effect was observed regarding all performance variables (p < 0.0001). Quantification of hepatic retinol (HPLC) detected vitamin A only in fish fed 5.400 IU retinol kg-1 of diet, therefore characterizing that dietary retinol was used and stored. The quantity of 5.400 IU of retinol kg-1 of diet is recommended for adequate nutrition of Nile tilapia.

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Environmental Stress in Chickens and the Potential Effectiveness of Dietary Vitamin Supplementation

Frontiers in Animal Science ◽

10.3389/fanim.2021.775311 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

Fisayo Akinyemi ◽

Deborah Adewole

Keyword(s):

Environmental Stress ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Stocking Density ◽

Environmental Stressors ◽

Vitamin Supplementation ◽

Dietary Vitamin ◽

Intestinal Damage ◽

Potential Effectiveness ◽

Heat And Cold Stress ◽

Managing Stress

Environmental stressors can promote the vulnerability of animals to infections; it is therefore, essential to understand how stressors affect the immune system, the adaptive capacity of animals to respond, and effective techniques in managing stress. This review highlights scientific evidence regarding environmental stress challenge models and the potential effectiveness of vitamin supplementation. The major environmental stressors discussed are heat and cold stress, feed restriction, stocking density, and pollutants. Much work has been done to identify the effects of environmental stress in broilers and layers, while few involved other types of poultry. Studies indicated that chickens' performance, health, and welfare are compromised when challenged with environmental stress. These stressors result in physiological alterations, behavioral changes, decreased egg and meat quality, tissue and intestinal damage, and high mortalities. The application of vitamins with other nutritional approaches can help in combating these environmental stressors in chickens. Poultry birds do not synthesize sufficient vitamins during stressful periods. It is therefore suggested that chicken diets are supplemented with vitamins when subjected to environmental stress. Combination of vitamins are considered more efficient than the use of individual vitamins in alleviating environmental stress in chickens.

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Influence of dietary supplementation on serum vitamin A and D concentrations and their seasonal variation in horses

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.72460 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

pp. 477-482 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Markku Saastamoinen ◽

Johanna Juusela

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Variation ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Vitamin Supplementation ◽

Dietary Vitamin ◽

Serum Retinol ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Grazing Period ◽

One Year

An experiment involving 40 adult trotters and saddle horses was conducted during a period of one year in order to investigate the influence of vitamin A (retinol) and D (25-(OH)D) supplementation on serum vitamin concentrations and the seasonal variation of the serum concentrations of these vitamins. Vitamin supplementation was started either at the beginning or in the middle of the indoor (winter) feeding period. Supplementation lasted from the beginning of September or January to the end of May. According to the results, neither the dietary vitamin supplementation nor the length of the grazing period had any consistent effect on the serum vitamin concentrations. Neither was there any systematic seasonal variation in the serum retinol and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels.

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Discrimination in the metabolism of orally dosed ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol by the pig, rat and chick

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2040185 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 204 (1) ◽

pp. 185-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

R L Horst ◽

J L Napoli ◽

E T Littledike

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

World Monkey ◽

Vitamin Supplementation ◽

Dietary Vitamin ◽

Species Discrimination ◽

Vitamin D Metabolism ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

The Mean ◽

Oral Doses

Vitamin D-deficient pigs, rats and chicks were repleted with four daily oral doses of crystalline ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) containing equal concentrations of each. At 24 h after the last dose, the plasma of each species was analysed for vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D by standard methods. The mean (+/- S.D.) ratios of plasma cholecalciferol to ergocalciferol concentration were 1.5 +/- 0.1 (pig). 1.7 +/- 0.1 (rat) and 6.3 +/- 1.2 (chick). The mean ratios of plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol to 25-hydroxyergocalciferol concentration were 4.0 +/- 0.1 (pig), 0.4 +/- 0.02 (rat) and 10.7 +/- 3.4 (chick). The mean plasma cholecalciferol/ergocalciferol ratios for the 24,25-dihydroxy-, 25,26-dihydroxy- and 1,25-dihydroxy-derivatives in the pig were 2.6 +/- 0.6, 5.8 +/- 1.3 and 5.8 +/- 0.8 respectively. This is the first evidence that mammals other than the New World monkey, like birds, discriminate between ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol. These data, therefore, suggest that species discrimination between the different forms of vitamin D is probably a general phenomenon in mammals. Moreover, this is the first indication of a species (rat) that discriminates against a cholecalciferol metabolite in favour of an ergocalciferol metabolite. Species discrimination against particular forms of vitamin D may be important to the choice of experimental animal models for studying the regulation of vitamin D metabolism and may also be an important consideration in dietary vitamin supplementation.

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