Impact of heat stress on conception rate of dairy cows in the moderate climate considering different temperature–humidity index thresholds, periods relative to breeding, and heat load indices

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 1050-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.K. Schüller ◽  
O. Burfeind ◽  
W. Heuwieser
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Load Indices ◽  
Moderate Climate

scholarly journals Effect of the Temperature-Humidity Index on Body Temperature and Conception Rate of Lactating Dairy Cows in Southwestern Japan

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisashi NABENISHI ◽  
Hiroshi OHTA ◽  
Toshihumi NISHIMOTO ◽  
Tetsuo MORITA ◽  
Koji ASHIZAWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Humidity Index

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature-Humidity-Index on Milk Performances of Local Born Holstein Dairy Cows Under Saharan Climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-36
Author(s):  
Lazoumi Ouarfli ◽  
Abdelmadjid Chehma
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Milking Frequency

Abstract The objective is to study the effect of heat stress on milk yield (MY) relative to milking records (n=18178) of native Holsteins (n=187), in the region of Ghardaia, according to periods of HS, using the temperature-humidity index (THI). With THI >72 during 07 months in the study area, which significantly (P<0.001) decrease the MY (-15.5% corresponding to 21.73 kg). Also, calving periods led to a significant drop (P < 0.001) in overall MY (7030.35 kg) of the order of (-14.6%), and over the lactation length (353.43 d), which explains 41% of the variations in MY. In addition, the non-significant effect (P=0.212) of the lactation range on the increase in MY, moreover, the lactation length shows a non-significant (P = 0.108) decrease (-4.68%) during heat stress (HS). Furthermore, the significant effect (P <0.001) of the interaction (Milking frequency × THI) on MY, when THI variates from < 74 to > 84, with regression of (-16.82% and -08.82%) of the MF (2X and 3X), respectively. Again, the NH cow is less sensitive to hyperthermia, so THI explains only 2% of the variation in MY levels. Thus, NH in arid regions have the ability to acclimatize to Saharan environmental conditions.

152 EFFECT OF EMBRYO TRANSFER AFTER ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION ON THE CONCEPTION RATE IN DAIRY COWS UNDER HEAT STRESS IN SOUTHERN JAPAN

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
M. Tani ◽  
C. Tani ◽  
K. Tomokawa ◽  
D. Funakoshi ◽  
M. Sakatani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
Southern Japan ◽  
Humidity Index

A serious decline in the reproductive performance of dairy cows occurs in southern Japan in the summer period, when the total number of hot days ≥35°C numbers more than 20 days annually. Previous reports have mentioned the effectiveness of embryo transfer (ET) at 7 days after AI (AI/ET) under heat-stressed conditions. In the present study, we investigated the effect of AI/ET on conception rate (CR) under heat-stressed conditions in the summer period. Artificial insemination was performed at 13 commercial dairies in this study from August through September in 2007 and 2008. Seven days after AI, a single embryo was transferred into the uterine horn contralateral to the ovary with a corpus luteum (AI/ET, n = 82). Artificial insemination at oestrus without further treatment was assigned as the control group (AI, n = 367). In 2007, frozen–thawed embryos of Japanese Black cattle were transferred, and the same cattle were used for ET of fresh embryos in 2008. The temperature-humidity index [0.8 × temperature + 0.01 ×relative humidity (temperature –14.4) + 46.4], rectal temperature, and diurnal highest or lowest and average ambient temperatures were measured at the time of AI and ET. Cows were diagnosed for pregnancy at 42 days after AI by palpation per rectum and were reexamined by transrectal ultrasonography at 60 days after AI. The CR was calculated as the number of cows diagnosed as pregnant 60 days after AI divided by the number of cows inseminated. Fetal loss was calculated as the number of cows that did not deliver calves after term divided by the number of cows diagnosed as pregnant. The CR, number of AI, fetal loss, and type of newborn (Holsteins, AI origin; Japanese Black, ET origin) were confirmed retrospectively. For statistical analysis, Fisher’s exact test and Student’s t-test were used for comparison of the CR, fetal loss, and body temperature by using a statistical software program for PC (Excel Statistics 2006). The CR for AI/ET was 30.4% and for AI was 13.8% in 2007 (P < 0.01), and the CR for AI/ET was 30.8% and for AI was 21.5% in 2008 (P = 0.294). The average diurnal temperature was 31.1°C in 2007 and 30.1°C in 2008, and the temperature-humidity index was 81.8 and 80.8, respectively. On Day 8, the pregnant cows had a lower rectal temperature than the open cows in 2007, but not in 2008 (38.9 v. 39.4°C in 2007; P < 0.05; and 39.1 v. 38.9°C in 2008; P > 0.05). The fetal loss was 38.1% in AI/ET v. 7.4% in AI in 2007 (P < 0.05) and 12.5% v. 0% in 2008 (P < 0.05), respectively. The AI/ET procedure could improve CR in dairy cows during the summer period in southern Japan. However, other problems may accompany AI/ET, such as higher fetal losses.

scholarly journals Relationship between Temperature-humidity Index and Milk Production of Dairy Cows in Tropical Climate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Narmilan ◽  
N. Puvanitha ◽  
A. Sharfan Ahamed ◽  
S. Santhirakumar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
Meteorological Observatory ◽  
Humidity Index

Background: Dairy cattle in many tropical, subtropical and semi-arid regions are subject to high ambient temperature and relative humidity for extended periods of time. This compromises the ability of the lactating cows to dissipate heat, resulting in heat stress and decreasing milk production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the temperature-humidity index (THI) on milk production in cows in the study area. Methods: Data on monthly milk production (2017 to 2019) was collected from the Department of Animal Production and Health, Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka and the monthly weather data (2017 to 2019) required for the study was collected from the Meteorological Observatory Station in Batticaloa, Sri Lanka. SPSS version 26 was used to analyze interaction between milk production and weather parameters. The monthly THI values were determined for each year.Result: Statistically significant negative relationship (p less than 0.05) was found between milk production and THI in 2017, 2018 and from 2017 to 2019 except 2019 due to the sudden death of cattle in Batticaloa district. Results of all three years indicated that milk production decreases as THI increases. It is concluded that the milk yield of cows is influenced significantly by heat stress during the dry season from April to August between 2017 and 2019, proper management strategies could be helpful to minimize heat stress to attain optimal performance of dairy cows.

scholarly journals Characterization of Short-Term Heat Stress in Holstein Dairy Cows Using Altered Indicators of Metabolomics, Blood Parameters, Milk MicroRNA-216 and Characteristics

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
Jang-Hoon Jo ◽  
Jalil Ghassemi Nejad ◽  
Dong-Qiao Peng ◽  
Hye-Ran Kim ◽  
Sang-Ho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

This study aims to characterize the influence of short-term heat stress (HS; 4 day) in early lactating Holstein dairy cows, in terms of triggering blood metabolomics and parameters, milk yield and composition, and milk microRNA expression. Eight cows (milk yield = 30 ± 1.5 kg/day, parity = 1.09 ± 0.05) were homogeneously housed in environmentally controlled chambers, assigned into two groups with respect to the temperature humidity index (THI) at two distinct levels: approximately ~71 (low-temperature, low-humidity; LTLH) and ~86 (high-temperature, high-humidity; HTHH). Average feed intake (FI) dropped about 10 kg in the HTHH group, compared with the LTLH group (p = 0.001), whereas water intake was only numerically higher (p = 0.183) in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Physiological parameters, including rectal temperature (p = 0.001) and heart rate (p = 0.038), were significantly higher in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Plasma cortisol and haptoglobin were higher (p < 0.05) in the HTHH group, compared to the LTLH group. Milk yield, milk fat yield, 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM), and energy-corrected milk (ECM) were lower (p < 0.05) in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Higher relative expression of milk miRNA-216 was observed in the HTHH group (p < 0.05). Valine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, lactic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, 1,5-anhydro-D-sorbitol, myo-inositol, and urea were decreased (p < 0.05). These results suggest that early lactating cows are more vulnerable to short-term (4 day) high THI levels—that is, HTHH conditions—compared with LTLH, considering the enormous negative effects observed in measured blood metabolomics and parameters, milk yield and compositions, and milk miRNA-216 expression.

scholarly journals Critical Temperature-Humidity Index Thresholds for Dry Cows in a Subtropical Climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Ouellet ◽  
Izabella M. Toledo ◽  
Bethany Dado-Senn ◽  
Geoffrey E. Dahl ◽  
Jimena Laporta
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Environmental Indices ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
Humidity Index

The effects of heat stress on dry cows are profound and significantly contribute to lower overall welfare, productivity, and profitability of the dairy sector. Although dry cows are more thermotolerant than lactating cows due to their non-lactating state, similar environmental thresholds are currently used to estimate the degree of heat strain and cooling requirements. Records of dry cow studies conducted over 5 years in Gainesville, Florida, USA were pooled and analyzed to determine environmental thresholds at which dry cows exhibit signs of heat stress in a subtropical climate. Dry-pregnant multiparous dams were actively cooled (CL; shade of a freestall barn, fans and water soakers, n = 107) or not (HT; shade only, n = 111) during the last 7 weeks of gestation, concurrent with the entire dry period. Heat stress environmental indices, including ambient temperature, relative humidity, and temperature-humidity index (THI), and animal-based indices, including respiration rate, rectal temperature and daily dry matter intake were recorded in all studies. Simple correlations were performed between temperature-humidity index and each animal-based indicator. Differences in respiration rate, rectal temperature and dry matter intake between treatments were analyzed by multiple regression. Using segmented regression, temperature-humidity thresholds for significant changes in animal-based indicators of heat stress were estimated. Stronger significant correlations were found between the temperature-humidity index and all animal-based indices measured in HT dry cows (−0.22 ≤ r ≤ 0.35) relative to CL dry cows (−0.13 ≤ r ≤ 0.19). Although exposed to similar temperature-humidity index, rectal temperature (+0.3°C; P &lt; 0.001) and respiration rate (+23 breaths/min; P &lt; 0.001) were elevated in HT dry cows compared with CL cows whereas dry matter intake (−0.4 kg of dry matter/d; P = 0.003) was reduced. Temperature-humidity index thresholds at which respiration rate and rectal temperature began to change were both determined at a THI of 77 in HT dry cows. No significant temperature-humidity threshold was detected for dry matter intake. At a practical level, our results demonstrate that dry cow respiration rate and rectal temperature increased abruptly at a THI of 77 when provided only shade and managed in a subtropical climate. Therefore, in the absence of active cooling, dry cows should be closely monitored when or before THI reaches 77 to avoid further heat-stress related impairments during the dry period and the subsequent lactation and to mitigate potential carry-over effects on the offspring.

scholarly journals Thermoregulation, Haematological Profile and Productivity of Holstein Friesian Under Heat Stress at Different Land Elevations

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmy Mariana ◽  
Cece Sumantri ◽  
Dewi Apri Astuti ◽  
Anneke Anggraeni ◽  
Asep Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Plasma Cortisol Level ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
The Given

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of heat stress on thermoregulation, haematology, and productivity of Holstein Friesian (HF) dairy cows raised in different elevations. A total of 63 HF in a normal lactation period were used in this study. The research was conducted for 3 months during dry season in three different areas, which were at Pondok Ranggon (97 m.a.s.l) which categorized as a lowland, Ciawi (576 m.a.s.l) which categorized as a lower-upland, and Lembang (1241 m.a.s.l) which categorized as an upland. Observation on microclimate aspects which includes environmental temperature (Ta), relative humidity (RH) and Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) was done by recording each variable for every 2 hours starting from 08.00 to 16.00 WIB. The thermoregulation analysis was done based on the given physiological responses which consisted of the skin temperature (Ts), rectal temperature (Tr), body temperature (Tb), heart rate (Hr), respiratory rate (Rr), Heat Tolerance Coefficient (HTC), plasma cortisol level and haematological profile observation. The Ta, Rr, and THI measurements showed that in the lowland and lower-upland, the HF experienced moderate heat stress, while the HF raised in the upland area experienced less heat stress. The results showed that the dairy cows which raised in lowland had the highest HTC, Tr, Ts and Tb (P<0.05) and lowest Hr (P<0.05). All of the physiological and haematological parameters in the three study area showed a normal value.Furthermore, the erythrocyte, Hb and PVC concentration in a lowland raised HF were higher (P<0.05), while the plasma cortisol levels were not significantly different. The milk production of the observed dairy cows in different elevations was significantly different (P<0.05), with the highest milk yields, were found in the upland raised HF (13.1±3.52 kg), followed by the lower-upland (11.3±4.73 kg) and lowland (7.0±3.36 kg). In general, all of the HF raised in different land elevations was exposed to heat stress during dry seasons, even though the cows showed the ability to physiologically adapt and cope with the conditions. 

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