Grandiflorenic acid isolated from Sphagneticola trilobata against Trypanosoma cruzi: Toxicity, mechanisms of action and immunomodulation

ABSTRACTDespite ongoing efforts, the available treatments for Chagas' disease are still unsatisfactory, especially in the chronic phase of the disease. Our previous study reported the strong trypanocidal activity of the dibenzylideneacetones A3K2A1 and A3K2A3 againstTrypanosoma cruzi(Z. Ud Din, T. P. Fill, F. F. de Assis, D. Lazarin-Bidóia, V. Kaplum, F. P. Garcia, C. V. Nakamura, K. T. de Oliveira, and E. Rodrigues-Filho, Bioorg Med Chem 22:1121–1127, 2014,http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2013.12.020). In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms of action of these compounds that are involved in parasite death. We showed that A3K2A1 and A3K2A3 induced oxidative stress in the three parasitic forms, especially trypomastigotes, reflected by an increase in oxidant species production and depletion of the endogenous antioxidant system. This oxidative imbalance culminated in damage in essential cell structures ofT. cruzi, reflected by lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation. Consequently, A3K2A1 and A3K2A3 induced vital alterations inT. cruzi, leading to parasite death through the three pathways, apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis.

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Primary evidence of the mechanisms of action of HIV aspartyl peptidase inhibitors on Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigote forms

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents ◽

10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.03.021 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 185-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Leandro S. Sangenito ◽

Rubem F.S. Menna-Barreto ◽

Ana Carolina Oliveira ◽

Claudia M. d'Avila-Levy ◽

Marta H. Branquinha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Peptidase Inhibitors

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The Toxicity Mechanisms of Action of Aβ25–35 in Isolated Rat Cardiac Myocytes

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules190812242 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 19 (8) ◽

pp. 12242-12257 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Beiru Zhang ◽

Xiaohui Bian ◽

Ping He ◽

Xiaoying Fu ◽

Keiichi Higuchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Myocytes ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Toxicity Mechanisms ◽

Rat Cardiac Myocytes ◽

Isolated Rat

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Mycotoxins in foods that cause damage to humans

Journal of Applied Biotechnology & Bioengineering ◽

10.15406/jabb.2019.06.00202 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 259-263

Author(s):

Diana Carolina Murcia Alarcon ◽

Eliana Ximena Urbano Caceres ◽

Astrid Maribel Aguilera Becerra

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Food Security ◽

High Risk ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Toxic Substances ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Toxicity Mechanisms

Background: Mycotoxins are toxic substances from the metabolism of RESULTING fungi Aspergillus flavus: such as, Aspergillus Penicillium, Aspergillus ochraceus, Penecillum expansum and Fusarium graminearum. There are four Important mycotoxins: aflatoxins, Ochratoxin A, patulin and deoxynivalenol being responsible for the contamination of food for human consumption. Methods: The research was Carried out and selected based on inclusion criteria, articles and publications related to mycotoxins, food, toxicity, Mechanisms of action and analysis, published in Scielo, MEDLINE / PubMed, Google academic and Science Direct, to the total of 65 articles Were reviewed, but only 50 met the inclusion criteria above. Results: The presence of mycotoxins in food remains a public health problem; it is found because worldwide and causes serious pathology in humans and animals both. Conclusion: it is Necessary to continue advancing in the investigations related to the presence of mycotoxins in food for human consumption, especially regions tropical in, since the environmental conditions and the Characteristics of the food produced in These regions please At least theoretically, the development of These toxins, Which Represents a high risk to the health and food security of the Populations

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Protective effect of Trypanosoma rangeli against infections with a highly virulent strain of Trypanosoma cruzi

Tropical Medicine & International Health ◽

10.1046/j.1365-3156.1997.d01-297.x ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

pp. 482-487 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Claudio Zuniga ◽

Teresa Palau ◽

Pilar Penin ◽

Carlos Gamallo ◽

Jose Antonio de Diego

Keyword(s):

Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Virulent Strain ◽

Trypanosoma Rangeli ◽

Highly Virulent

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Case Formulation and Design of Behavioral Treatment Programs

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027//1015-5759.19.3.164 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 164-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Stephen N. Haynes ◽

Andrew E. Williams

Keyword(s):

Functional Analysis ◽

Behavior Problems ◽

Behavioral Treatment ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Relative Magnitude ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Treatment Programs ◽

Case Formulation ◽

Functional Relations ◽

Causal Variables

Summary: We review the rationale for behavioral clinical case formulations and emphasize the role of the functional analysis in the design of individualized treatments. Standardized treatments may not be optimally effective for clients who have multiple behavior problems. These problems can affect each other in complex ways and each behavior problem can be influenced by multiple, interacting causal variables. The mechanisms of action of standardized treatments may not always address the most important causal variables for a client's behavior problems. The functional analysis integrates judgments about the client's behavior problems, important causal variables, and functional relations among variables. The functional analysis aids treatment decisions by helping the clinician estimate the relative magnitude of effect of each causal variable on the client's behavior problems, so that the most effective treatments can be selected. The parameters of, and issues associated with, a functional analysis and Functional Analytic Clinical Case Models (FACCM) are illustrated with a clinical case. The task of selecting the best treatment for a client is complicated because treatments differ in their level of specificity and have unequally weighted mechanisms of action. Further, a treatment's mechanism of action is often unknown.

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