Sustainable border control policy in the COVID-19 pandemic: A math modeling study

International law provides nations with a common definition of a refugee, yet the processes by which countries determine who should be granted refugee status look strikingly different, even across nations with many institutional, cultural, geographical, and political similarities. This article compares the refugee status determination regimes of three popular asylum seeker destinations—the United States, Canada, and Australia. Despite these nations' similar border control policies, asylum seekers crossing their borders access three very different systems. These differences have less to do with political debates over admission and border control policy than with the level of insulation the administrative decision-making agency enjoys from political interference and judicial review. Bureaucratic justice is conceptualized and organized differently in different states, and so states vary in how they draw the line between refugee and nonrefugee.

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The Politics of Border Control in Europe

The Border ◽

10.1093/oso/9780199938674.003.0006 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 146-176

Author(s):

Martin A. Schain

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Public Opinion ◽

Political Party ◽

Control Policy ◽

The United States ◽

Border Control ◽

Population Movements ◽

Party Leaders ◽

Border Population ◽

Political Priority

This chapter examines the growing politicization of border control policy in Europe. It first examines why the border has become important at all at a time when some have argued that borders are increasingly less relevant. The relatively easy movement of migrants into Europe until the 1970s was matched by the easy movement across the soft northern and southern borders of the United States at the same time. How, then, did the issue of the border become increasingly salient? This chapter argues that the developing political salience of the border has been the principle result, first of the reframing of the question of immigration by political party leaders as a failure by the state to control the challenge to identity. Party leaders and electoral competition have then mobilized public opinion around issues of border control as a political priority. This has taken place in the context of cross-border population movements within Europe, and by increased numbers of asylum seekers seeking entry into Europe.

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A decision-support framework to optimize border control for global outbreak mitigation

10.1101/414185 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Aleksa Zlojutro ◽

David Rey ◽

Lauren Gardner

Keyword(s):

Decision Support ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Influenza Pandemic ◽

Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽

Control Policy ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Border Control ◽

Modeling Framework ◽

Support Tool ◽

Outbreak Control

AbstractThe introduction and spread of emerging infectious diseases is increasing in both prevalence and scale. Whether naturally, accidentally or maliciously introduced, the substantial uncertainty surrounding the emergence of novel viruses, specifically where they may come from and how they will spread, demands robust and quantifiably validated outbreak control policies that can be implemented in real time. This work presents a novel mathematical modeling framework that integrates both outbreak dynamics and outbreak control into a decision support tool for mitigating infectious disease pandemics that spread through passenger air travel. An ensemble of border control strategies that exploit properties of the air traffic network structure and expected outbreak behavior are proposed. A stochastic metapopulation epidemic model is developed to evaluate and rank the control strategies based on their effectiveness in reducing the spread of outbreaks. Sensitivity analyses are conducted to illustrate the robustness of the proposed control strategies across a range of outbreak scenarios, and a case study is presented for the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. This study highlights the importance of strategically allocating outbreak control resources, and the results can be used to identify the most robust border control policy that can be implemented in the early stages of an outbreak.

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BORDER MANAGEMENT: CHALLENGES AND ISSUES AT THE BORDER IN INDONESIA

Customs Research and Applications Journal ◽

10.31092/craj.v2i2.65 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 84-104

Author(s):

Mochamad Rizqi Setiawan Setiawan ◽

Erza Lasoturia Anansih Mendrofa Mendrofa ◽

Gede Maha Aditya Pramana Pramana

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Methodology ◽

Swot Analysis ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Control Policy ◽

Border Control ◽

Journal Articles ◽

Cross Border ◽

The People ◽

Directorate General

This paper aims to give a comprehensive account of the border management in Indonesia through the challenges faced by the CIQS (Customs, Immigration, Quarantine, and Security) and offered strategies to curb the challenges. The cross-border activities potentially bring the illegal movement to both the people and the goods. Indonesia, as an archipelagic country, should build border management and border control policies that able to overcome those challenges with the Coordinated Border Management (CBM) strategy. This study uses qualitative methodology with a descriptive analysis through document analysis of government reports, journal articles, or any related documents. This research uses SWOT Analysis by observing the internal and external aspects of border agencies in Indonesia, especially the Directorate General of Immigration (DGI). This paper affirmed that immigration and border control policy in Indonesia should be reassessed and updated to comply with the rapid development of globalization, suit the national interest, and use the CBM approach strategy to secure the border effectively.

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The threat of the ‘returning foreign fighter’: The securitization of EU migration and border control policy

Security Dialogue ◽

10.1177/0967010619857048 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (5) ◽

pp. 437-453 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christopher Baker-Beall

Keyword(s):

Control Policy ◽

Social Implications ◽

Border Control ◽

Terrorist Threat ◽

Counter Terrorism ◽

Migrant Populations ◽

Potential Source ◽

Security Actor ◽

Foreign Fighters ◽

The Eu

This article analyses the European Union’s response to the threat of the ‘returning foreign fighter’ (referred to with increasing frequency as the ‘foreign terrorist fighter’), arguing that it has been characterized by a move to (re)frame migration and border control as essential aspects of EU counter-terrorism policy. The article offers three important observations on the significance of this move. First, it critiques the way in which the EU’s response to this problem is based upon and reinforces a narrow understanding of returning foreign fighters. Second, it argues that the EU has invoked the threat from returning foreign fighters not with the sole intention of preventing terrorism but rather as part of the ongoing securitization of migration and the EU border. Third, it suggests that the threat from returning foreign fighters has been invoked as a way of further legitimizing the EU’s emerging role as a security actor and its embrace of preemptive security practice. The article argues throughout that the move to construct the returning foreign fighter issue in this way has important political and social implications for all categories of migrant, with migrant populations now deemed a potential source of terrorist threat.

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Post Border Control Policy: Stakeholder Analysis Perspective

Customs Research and Applications Journal ◽

10.31092/craj.v1i1.11 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 111-125

Author(s):

Tofa Apriansyah ◽

Adis Imam Munandar

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Stakeholder Analysis ◽

Control Policy ◽

Border Control ◽

Food Control ◽

National Agency ◽

Business Interests ◽

Enforcement Officer ◽

Directorate General ◽

Executive Officers

The distribution of unregistered Drugs and Foods during the 2015-2017 period—includingillegally imported Drugs and Food—dominates the findings in Drug and Food control,according to the inspection and investigation of Indonesia National Agency of Drug andFood Control (BPOM) and Directorate General of Customs and Excise (DGCE). This studyaims to determine stakeholder understanding and analysis in implementing BPOMRegulation No. 29 of 2017 and BPOM Regulation No. 30 of 2017. The qualitative methodwith Stakeholder Analysis is used as an analysis on data obtained through literature studiesand structural official interviews and executive officers at BPOM and DGCE. The resultsshow that the performance of BPOM Inspection & Certification Officer, BPOMInvestigator, and DGCE Law Enforcement Officer became Definitive Stakeholder ininfluencing the implementation of those regulations. Head of Division of BPOM Inspectionand Certification, Head of Division of BPOM Law Enforcement and Head of Division ofDGCE Law Enforcement proved to have enough team strength and authority to becomeDominant Stakeholders. Community, passanger, business actors, importers can becomeDangerous Stakeholders because they have personal and business interests if theregulations are not clear or consistent enough. It is necessary to form an integrated teambetween institutions in order to fight against the entry of illegally imported Drug and Food.

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