Base dimension-like function of the type Dind and universality

Research in ancient Roman architectural design has come increasingly to the view that geometry was often as important as metrication and proportion. The present paper examines the contribution of both geometry and arithmetic to the design of the four imperial fora in Rome, as well as the closely related Temple of Peace. An analysis of the Forum of Augustus-the best-known of the imperial fora-shows that it was designed according to a geometric model with a particular size utilizing a "base dimension" of 146 Roman feet. Analyses of the other fora show that the same geometric model-but with a base dimension of 150 feet-can be used to generate their basic spatial divisions and dimensions. The model accounts not only for straightforward and integral dimensions or proportions, but also for irrational and nonintegral proportions hitherto unexplained. The article argues that the mixture of integral, nonintegral, and irrational metrication was a deliberate aspect of the design process, in line with the Early Imperial propensity to combine rectilinear and curvilinear architectural forms. The article concludes with a suggestion that the model originated in the Etruscan ritual division of space, which was adopted by the Romans and later applied to an increasingly broad range of building types. The model may thus have served as a kind of template or cosmogram whereby each building designed on it could embody essential features of cosmic order. It gave to each Roman building its uniquely "Italic" flavor quite separate from Greek "cosmetics." If the model's application proves to be sufficiently broad, then the possibility is raised of developing a "unified design theory" for Etruscan and Roman architecture. These issues will be broached in future articles.

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On base dimension-like functions of the type Ind

Topology and its Applications ◽

10.1016/j.topol.2013.07.042 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 160 (18) ◽

pp. 2482-2494

Author(s):

D.N. Georgiou ◽

S.D. Iliadis ◽

A.C. Megaritis

Keyword(s):

Base Dimension

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Risk assessment in interstitial lung disease: the incremental prognostic value of cardiopulmonary ultrasound

BMC Pulmonary Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12890-021-01606-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wei-wei Zhu ◽

Hong Li ◽

Yi-dan Li ◽

Lanlan Sun ◽

Lingyun Kong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Interstitial Lung Disease ◽

Lung Disease ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Hazard Ratio ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Base Dimension ◽

Incremental Prognostic Value ◽

Ultrasound Parameters ◽

Rv Function

Abstract Background The mortality risk of chronic interstitial lung disease (ILD) is currently assessed using the ILD-GAP score. The present study evaluates whether the addition of cardiopulmonary ultrasound parameters to the ILD-GAP score can further improve the predictive value of ILD-GAP. Methods Medical records from 91 patients with ILD hospitalized from June 2015 to March 2016 were retrospectively examined. The Lung ultrasound (LUS) score, right ventricular (RV) function, and mechanics were obtained from the cardiopulmonary ultrasound. The ILD-GAP score was calculated from demographic characteristics and pulmonary function parameters. Patients were followed up with until May 2020. The primary endpoint was all-cause death. Results After exclusions, 74 patients with ILD were included in the analysis. During the follow-up period, 36 patients with ILD survived (ILDs), and 38 patients died (ILDd). Compared to ILDs, the ILDd cases exhibited a higher number of B-lines, LUS score, and RV end-diastolic base dimension (RVD), but lower RV function. In multivariate analysis, the ILD-GAP score (hazard ratio, 2.88; 95% CI 1.38–5.99, P = 0.005), LUS score (hazard ratio 1.13; 95% CI 1.04–1.24, P = 0.006), and RVD (hazard ratio 1.09, 95% CI 1.03–1.16, P = 0.004) were significantly related to the risk of death. Adding the LUS score and RVD to the ILD-GAP score significantly improved the predictive value compared to the ILD-GAP score alone (C statistics 0.90 vs 0.76, P = 0.018). Conclusion We investigated the utility of a new prognostic model for ILD that includes both cardiopulmonary ultrasound parameters (LUS score and RVD) and the ILD-GAP score. This model better reflects the severity of pulmonary fibrosis and cardiac involvement, and has incremental predictive value over the ILD-GAP score alone.

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Changes in left ventricular geometry during spontaneous breathing

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1987.63.2.803 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 803-811 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

S. S. Cassidy ◽

W. B. Wead ◽

G. B. Seibert ◽

M. Ramanathan

Keyword(s):

Lateral Wall ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Left Ventricular Geometry ◽

Dimensional Changes ◽

Ventricular Geometry ◽

Epicardial Surface ◽

Right Ventricular Filling ◽

Base Dimension ◽

Lateral Portion ◽

Ventricular Filling

The purpose of these experiments was to determine the effects of a spontaneously generated inspiration on the size and shape of the left ventricle (LV) in anesthetized supine dogs. We implanted markers in the LV to establish three perpendicular axes and recorded the motion of these markers using biplane cinefluoroscopy at 60 Hz. The primary changes in LV size that accompanied inspiration occurred at end diastole (ED). The largest change in LVED dimension was a 2.46-mm narrowing of the septal-lateral wall dimension, but the apex-base dimension decreased also, by 0.74 mm. The anteroposterior dimension actually widened by 1.07 mm. The septal-lateral narrowing was caused by both a 1.0-mm narrowing of the distance between the septal marker and the apex-base axis, as well as by a 1.4-mm narrowing between the apex-base axis and the lateral wall marker. Narrowing of the septal portion seemed expected because of presumed enhanced right ventricular filling during inspiration. Narrowing of the lateral portion of the LV, while the anteroposterior dimension widened, was surprising because a change in LVEDV shape is implied. Assuming ventricular homogeneity, this change in LVED shape implies that the forces applied to the epicardial surface were not uniform. There must have been a retraction on the anterior and posterior surface that was not experienced by the lateral LV wall. The net effect of these dimensional changes of the LV at end diastole (estimated from the product of the three ED axes) was a 3.5-cm3 reduction in LVED volume.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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An occupational Health and Safety for Agriculture Sector

10.31219/osf.io/58vzj ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Rupinderjit Yadav ◽

Amrita Mohan

Keyword(s):

Occupational Health ◽

Health And Safety ◽

Occupational Health And Safety ◽

Related Word ◽

Agriculture Sector ◽

Governmental Organizations ◽

Non Governmental Organizations ◽

Base Dimension ◽

Rural Part

This study has been investigated the studies on occupational health and safety in Agriculture Sector. The national and worldwide examinations occupational health and safety in horticulture have been distinguished, the available ones have been researched, condensed and surveyed. The appraisals reasoned that most of the horticulture related word related mishaps are because of tractor mishaps and tractor mishaps for the most part happen due to over-turning of tractors. The vast majority of the tractor mishaps are deadly. Word related mishaps in rural part are expanding with the ascending of horticultural motorization level and this negatively affects the occupational health and safety of the workers. Accordingly, word related occupational health and safety in farming division is a zone that has a ton of opportunity to get better and giving in-administration preparing and proceeding with the endeavors in the region of word related occupational health and safety is profoundly critical for conveying the word related mishaps to a base dimension. Moreover, the coordinated effort between open establishments, NGO's (Non-Governmental Organizations) and colleges need to proceed concerning occupational health and safety. Available online at https://int-scientific-journals.com

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Base dimension-like functions of the type ind

Topology and its Applications ◽

10.1016/j.topol.2012.06.010 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 159 (14) ◽

pp. 3204-3214

Author(s):

D.N. Georgiou ◽

S.D. Iliadis ◽

A.C. Megaritis

Keyword(s):

Base Dimension

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The Oka-Grauert principle without induction over the base dimension

Mathematische Annalen ◽

10.1007/s002080050177 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 311 (1) ◽

pp. 71-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

G. Henkin ◽

J. Leiterer

Keyword(s):

Base Dimension

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Comparative study on the fundamental time period of RC buildings based on codal provision and ambient vibration test – a case study of Kathmandu Valley

Journal of Science and Engineering ◽

10.3126/jsce.v4i0.22378 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 31-37

Author(s):

Ramila Shrestha ◽

Sudip Karanjit

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Ambient Vibration ◽

Kathmandu Valley ◽

Ambient Vibration Test ◽

Lateral Dimension ◽

Testing Procedures ◽

Time Period ◽

Empirical Relations ◽

Rc Building ◽

Base Dimension

For the proper design of any structure, its fundamental properties should be known. The fundamental time period is a primary consideration for seismic design. Generally empirical relations given by code are used in design of building structure, where time period is the function of height and lateral dimension in most cases. But, these empirical relations given by codes are not verified in the context of Nepal. For existing structures, in addition to code formulas and available analytical tools, such as modal analyses, various methods of testing, including ambient and forced vibration testing procedures may be used to determine fundamental time period. In this study, the fundamental period of the 31 RC infill buildings located in Kathmandu valley was identified using ambient motions recorded at each building. Ambient vibration measurements of buildings have been performed by using geophone. Fundamental time periods evaluated experimentally and calculated by different codal formulas were compared. Single variable regression analysis was done, and time period in relation with height is evaluated. In this analysis, codal time period was found higher than experimental one. Multi-variable regression analysis was also done, and the relation between time period, height and lateral dimension was formulated. From multivariable regression formulation, it was concluded that the effect of base dimension of building to fundamental time period is very less. It can be concluded that the fundamental time period of RC building in our current practice can be better correlated by height only relation (T = CHa) than by height and base-dimension relation (T = C H/√D) given by code. Fundamental time period calculated from codal formula for RC building with infill and from experiment was found near in most cases.

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