Neuro-endocrine effects of aqueous extract of Amaranthus viridis (Linn.) leaf in male Wistar rat model of cyclophosphamide-induced reproductive toxicity

Oxidative stress is an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants, and is an important etiological factor in the development of hypertension. Recent experimental evidence suggests that subpressor doses of angiotensin II elevate oxidative stress and blood pressure. We aimed to investigate the oxidative stress related mechanism by which a subpressor dose of angiotensin II induces hypertension in a normotensive rat model. Normotensive male Wistar rats were infused with a subpressor dose of angiotensin II for 28 days. The control group was sham operated and infused with saline only. Plasma angiotensin II and H2O2 levels, whole-blood glutathione peroxidase, and AT-1a, Cu/Zn SOD, and p22phox mRNA expression in the aorta was assessed. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were elevated in the experimental group. There was no change in angiotensin II levels, but a significant increase in AT-1a mRNA expression was found in the experimental group. mRNA expression of p22phox was increased significantly and Cu/Zn SOD decreased significantly in the experimental group. There was no significant change to the H2O2 and GPx levels. Angiotensin II manipulates the free radical-antioxidant balance in the vasculature by selectively increasing O2− production and decreasing SOD activity and causes an oxidative stress induced elevation in blood pressure in the Wistar rat.

Download Full-text

The Protective Effect of Celecoxib on CA1 Hippocampal Neurons and Oxidative Stress in a Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease

ACTA MEDICA IRANICA ◽

10.18502/acta.v57i2.1763 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Maryam Sarbishegi ◽

Hamidreza Mahmoudzadeh-sagheb ◽

Zahra Heidari ◽

Farzaneh Baharvand

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Passive Avoidance ◽

Rat Model ◽

Hippocampal Neurons ◽

Wistar Rat ◽

Tunel Staining ◽

Model Animal ◽

Avoidance Memory

Abstract- Several studies point to an important role of neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease (PD). Cognitive and memory impairments have been known in the early stages of PD. In the present study, we examined the effects of celecoxib (CLX), a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), on hippocampus cell loss, passive avoidance memory and antioxidant status in a rat model of PD. We used the subcutaneous injection of 2.5 mg/kg/48h rotenone (ROT) for 4 weeks for induction of PD in a male Wistar rat. Animals were randomized to 4 groups (n=12): Control, sham, PD and PD+CLX group that receive celecoxib (20 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. Passive avoidance memory evaluated. We also determined the protective effect of CLX on a number of CA1 neurons in Nissl and TUNEL staining. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) a marker of lipid peroxidation in hippocampus assessed. Our findings indicated administration of CLX increase the passive avoidance memory (P<0.05), and by a decrease in apoptosis caused an increase in viable pyramidal neurons in CA1 hippocampus (P<0.01). On the other hand, CLX markedly reduced MDA level and increased TAC in the hippocampus of the PD model animal (P<0.05). It seems CLX with anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effect could prevent neurons loss and memory impairment which induced in PD.

Download Full-text

Inhibitory Potential of Murraya Koenigii (L.) and Ficus Carica L. Extracts Against Aldose Reductase (ALR), Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) Formation and Sorbitol Accumulation

Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research ◽

10.2478/sjecr-2020-0056 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Shah Asma Farooq ◽

Randhir Singh

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Microvascular Complications ◽

Wistar Rat ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Ficus Carica ◽

Alcoholic Extract ◽

Murraya Koenigii ◽

Treatment Of Diabetes ◽

Inhibitory Potential

Abstract Introduction: Murraya koenigii (L.) and Ficus carica L. are traditionally used plants with significant medicinal and nutritional values. Aim and Objective: The present study was focused on the evaluation of hydro-alcoholic and aqueous extracts of M. koenigii (L.) leaves [MKHA (M. koenigii (L.) hydro-alcoholic extract) and MKAQ (M.koenigii (L.) aqueous extract)] and dried fruits of F. carica L. [FCHA (F. carica L. hydro-alcoholic extract) and FCAQ (F. carica L. aqueous extract)] in the attenuation of markers of microvascular complications associated with diabetes mellitus which can be further used to investigate the pharmacological activity of these plants in treatment of diabetes and its complications. Material and Method: The attenuating effect of the extracts was evaluated by calculating the ALR1 enzyme inhibition in a kidney of Wistar rat, anti-glycation activity in bovine serum albumin (BSA) and erythrocyte sorbitol accumulation inhibition in heparinized human blood. Results: A significant inhibitory effect (IC50 6.47μg/ml,7.26μg/ml,8.93 μg/ml and 9.66μg/ml) was observed with different concentrations of extracts (MKHA, MKAQ, FCHA and FCAQ) respectively, against ALR enzyme. After the 4th week of incubation, the inhibition of AGEs formation by MKHA, MKAQ, FCHA and FCAQ (500μg/ml) was found to be 82.58%, 78.58%, 74.39% and 69.56% respectively. MKHA, MKAQ, FCHA and FCAQ were found to exhibit significant inhibition against the accumulation of sorbitol in RBCs with IC50 188.88 μg/ml, 247.74μg/ml, 291.94μg/ml and 345.34μg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: The administration of different concentrations of MKHA, MKAQ, FCHA and FCAQ significantly attenuated ALR, AGEs and sorbitol accumulation; hence, it can provide a basis for identification and development of new inhibitors of these biomarkers.

Download Full-text

Effect of Vincristine on Steroidogenic Pathway of Male Wistar Rat

IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2455-4499) ◽

10.21013/jas.v3.n2.p12 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Tareeka Sonawane ◽

Hersharan Nischal ◽

Shalini Rao ◽

Liji Thayil ◽

Dayanand Bhiwgade

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Toxicity ◽

Physiological Saline ◽

Wistar Rat ◽

Testis Weight ◽

Testosterone Production ◽

Expression Studies ◽

End Of Treatment ◽

Major Player ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory

Vincristine is major player in front line combination chemotherapy for treatment of cancer and shows decrease in testosterone after treatment contributing to reproductive toxicity. Hence, the present research was aimed to study the effect of vincristine on steroidogenic pathway which is responsible for testosterone production in males. Vincristine was intraperitoneally injected to adult male Wistar rats of proven fertility with a dose of 40μg/kg/day dissolved in 0.5 ml of physiological saline for 30 days. Animals were sacrificed at the end of treatment period; their testes were removed and used for further studies. No significant changes were observed in body weight, testis weight and mean relative testis weight. Expression studies of enzymes involved in steroidogenic pathway showed that there was decrease in expression of Steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein which might be responsible for altered testosterone production.

Download Full-text