scholarly journals Synergies of combining demand- and supply-side measures to manage congested streets

2021 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 172-179
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Itani ◽  
Michael J. Cassidy ◽  
Carlos Daganzo
Keyword(s):  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand And Supply

scholarly journals Determinants of Exports of Pakistan: A Country-wise Disaggregated Analysis.

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (4II) ◽  
pp. 715-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naseeb Zada ◽  
Malik Muhammad ◽  
Khan Bahadar
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Empirical Bayesian ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Price And Income Elasticities ◽  
Trade Partners

Given the importance of international trade and export performance in economic growth, this study attempts to examine the determinants of exports of Pakistan, using a time series data over the period 1975-2008. A simultaneous equation approach is followed and the demand and supply side equations are specified with appropriate variables. This is a country-wise disaggregated analysis of Pakistan versus its trade partners and the estimation strategy is based on two approaches. First we employ the Generalised Methods of Moments (GMM), which is followed by the Empirical Bayesian technique to get consistent estimates. The GMM technique is believed to be efficient for time series data provided the sample size is sufficiently large. In case of small samples, the estimates might not be precise and might appear with unbelievable sign and insignificant magnitudes. To avoid the sample bias and other problems, we employ the Empirical Bayesian technique which provides much precise estimates. The factual results obtained via the GMM technique are a little bit mixed, although most of the coefficients are found to be statistically significant and carry their expected signs. In order to compare and validate these results, the Empirical Bayesian technique is employed. This offers considerable improvement over the previous results and all the variables are found to be highly significant with correct sign across the countries concerned with the exception of a few cases. The price and income elasticities in both the demand and supply side equations carry their expected signs and significant magnitudes for the trading partners. The findings suggest that exports of Pakistan are much sensitive to changes in the world demand and world prices. This establishes the importance of demand side factors like world GDP, Real exchange rate, and world prices to determine the exports of Pakistan. On the supply side, we find relatively small price and income elasiticities. The results reveal that demand for exports is relatively higher for countries in NAFTA, European Union and Middle East regions. The study recommends particular concentration on the trade partners in these regions to improve the export performance of Pakistan. Keywords: Exports, GMM, Empirical Bayesian Method, Pakistan

Problems and Holistic Solutions for Agricultural Businesses in Chiang Mai

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Keyword(s):  
Language Skills ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Industry Group ◽  
The Government ◽  
Integration Problems ◽  
Production Problems

This research aims to study the problems and find solutions of major agro-industries in Chiang Mai, Thailand. The sample was divided into two parts: The supply side was the government agency, educational institutions and civil society. Demand side was Agro-Industry entrepreneurs. The methodology was focus on meeting the stakeholder debate, and group workshop, the first step of the research was selected the potential agro-industry group to study then in the operating phase, the survey was conducted to analyze and synthesize the problems of agro-industry and find solutions by group meetings in order to present a holistic problem-solving model. This process will provide opportunity for stakeholders and related agencies to collaborate and propose appropriate guidelines for action. The results show that, within demand side, the three most important issues are labor issues, marketing and production problems respectively. While the supply side, the top three issues are the integration problems, lacking of language skills / expertise, and lacking of database. Based on the analysis of both demand and supply side, there is a lack of concrete cooperation from relevant agencies, especially in policy cooperation. Therefore, a policy that responds to the problems of agro-industry is essential for all agencies to focus on and implement concrete measures to address sustainable issues.

Development of an Information System for the Assessment of different Bioenergy Concepts Regarding Sustainable Development

2010 ◽  
pp. 318-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meike Schmehl ◽  
Swantje Eigner-Thiel ◽  
Jens Ibendorf ◽  
Martina Hesse ◽  
Jutta Geldermann
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Provide Decision Support ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Indicator Systems

From an environmental, economic, social, and technical perspective, this chapter focuses on a sustainability assessment of concepts for the energetic use of biomass in order to provide decision support for different options of biomass use. In rural areas, bioenergy concepts are of particular interest in this context. These can for example be biogas plants which are operated by electric service providers, or a biogas plant owned by one farmer, or bioenergy villages. The topic relates to the development of suitable criteria and to the adaption of existing indicator systems to the special requirements of sustainable biomass use for energy. The results of this sustainability assessment consider the different biomass concepts’ advantages and disadvantages, which are illustrated by multi-criteria valuation methods. Furthermore, the sustainability assessment of bioenergy concepts has specific requirements with regard to an information system in terms of data and information’s demand and supply side.

Demand and supply-side carbon linkages of Turkish economy using hypothetical extraction method

2019 ◽  
Vol 228 ◽  
pp. 264-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jawad Sajid ◽  
Xinchun Li ◽  
Qingren Cao
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Turkish Economy

scholarly journals Demand- and supply-side factors associated with the use of contraceptive methods in Pakistan: a comparative study of demographic and health surveys, 1990–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadia Jabeen ◽  
Adnan Rathor ◽  
Maria Riaz ◽  
Rubeena Zakar ◽  
Florian Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Supply Side Factors

Abstract Background A remarkable decline in fertility rates has been observed in many countries, with a primary determinant being an increase in the use of contraceptives. However, the birth rate in Pakistan is still higher compared to the other countries of the region. Therefore, this study aims to assess the effect of demand- and supply-side factors associated with the use of contraceptive measures in Pakistan. Methods Secondary data analysis of four data series of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys (PDHS 1990–1991, 2006–2007, 2012–2013 and 2017–2018) were used. The data includes ever-married women aged 15–49 years who had given birth in the previous five years and participated in the family planning module of the PDHS. A total of 25,318 women were included in the analysis. Data were analysed by investigating the associations between independent variables (demand- and supply-side factors) and the use of contraceptive measures through unadjusted odds ratios (OR) and adjusted OR (AOR). Results The results among demand-side factors indicated that in 2012–2013, women without media exposure were less likely to use contraceptives and the trend remains almost constant for 2017–2018 (AOR = 0.664, 95% CI 0.562–0.784) in 2012–2013 and (AOR = 0.654, 95% CI 0.483–0.885) in 2017–2018. However, they still show a lower likelihood of using contraceptives without media exposure. The results among supply-side factors indicated that absence of transport (2012–2013) and limited visits by family planning workers over the previous 12 months (2006–2007, 2012–2013 and 2017–2018) remained significant factors for not using contraceptive methods. Conclusions The results of the study indicate that certain demand- and supply-side factors are associated with the use of contraceptive measures in Pakistan. It highlights the need for the provision of family planning resources and further structural factors, particularly in remote areas.

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