scholarly journals Impact of Police Enforcement on Critical Gap at Roundabouts

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 387-393
Author(s):  
Khaled Shaaban ◽  
Hassan Hamad
Keyword(s):  
Critical Gap ◽  
Police Enforcement

scholarly journals Understanding low chemoprevention uptake by women at high risk of breast cancer: findings from a qualitative inductive study of women’s risk-reduction experiences

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasleem J. Padamsee ◽  
Megan Hils ◽  
Anna Muraveva
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
African American ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
White Women ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Critical Gap ◽  
High Risk Women ◽  
Parent Project

Abstract Background Chemoprevention is one of several methods that have been developed to help high-risk women reduce their risk of breast cancer. Reasons for the low uptake of chemoprevention are poorly understood. This paper seeks a deeper understanding of this phenomenon by drawing on women’s own narratives about their awareness of chemoprevention and their risk-related experiences. Methods This research is based on a parent project that included fifty in-depth, semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of African American and White women at elevated risk of breast cancer. This specific study draws on the forty-seven interviews conducted with women at high or severe risk of breast cancer, all of whom are eligible to use chemoprevention for breast cancer risk-reduction. Interviews were analyzed using grounded theory methods. Results Forty-five percent of participants, and only 21% of African American participants, were aware of chemoprevention options. Women who had seen specialists were more likely to be aware, particularly if they had ongoing specialist access. Aware and unaware women relied on different types of sources for prevention-related information. Those whose main source of information was a healthcare provider were more likely to know about chemoprevention. Aware women used more nuanced information gathering strategies and worried more about cancer. Women simultaneously considered all risk-reduction options they knew about. Those who knew about chemoprevention but were reluctant to use it felt this way for multiple reasons, having to do with potential side effects, perceived extreme-ness of the intervention, similarity to chemotherapy, unknown information about chemoprevention, and reluctance to take medications in general. Conclusions Lack of chemoprevention awareness is a critical gap in women’s ability to make health-protective choices. Future research in this field must consider complexities in both women’s perspectives on chemoprevention and the reasons they are reluctant to use it.

Evaluation of pedestrian critical gap and crossing speed at midblock crossing using image processing

2021 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 106127
Author(s):  
Y. Alver ◽  
P. Onelcin ◽  
A. Cicekli ◽  
M. Abdel-Aty
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Critical Gap

The Undergraduate Marketing Research Course: Two Decades of Change

2020 ◽  
pp. 027347532096050
Author(s):  
Eileen Bridges
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Customer Data ◽  
Critical Gap ◽  
The Past ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Marketing Data ◽  
Observational Techniques

This article looks back over the past two decades to describe how teaching of undergraduate marketing research has (or has not) changed. Sweeping changes in technology and society have certainly affected how marketing research is designed and implemented—but how has this affected teaching of this important topic? Although the purpose of marketing research is still to better understand target customer needs, the tools are different now: customer data are typically collected using technology-based interfaces in place of such instruments as mailed, telephone, or in-person surveys. Observational techniques collect more data electronically rather than requiring a human recorder. Similarly, sampling has changed: sample frames are no longer widely used. Many of these changes are not yet fully discussed in marketing research courses. On the other hand, there is increasing interest in and availability of courses and programs in marketing data analytics, which teach specialized skills related to analysis and interpretation of electronic databases. Perhaps even more importantly, new technology-based tools permit greater automation of data collection and analysis, and presentation of findings. A critical gap is identified in this article; specifically, effort is needed to better integrate the perspectives of data collection and data analysis given current research conditions.

scholarly journals Enhancing trust in AI through industry self-governance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Roski ◽  
Ezekiel J Maier ◽  
Kevin Vigilante ◽  
Elizabeth A Kane ◽  
Michael E Matheny
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Critical Gap ◽  
Healthcare Data ◽  
Current Health

Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) is critical to harnessing value from exponentially growing health and healthcare data. Expectations are high for AI solutions to effectively address current health challenges. However, there have been prior periods of enthusiasm for AI followed by periods of disillusionment, reduced investments, and progress, known as “AI Winters.” We are now at risk of another AI Winter in health/healthcare due to increasing publicity of AI solutions that are not representing touted breakthroughs, and thereby decreasing trust of users in AI. In this article, we first highlight recently published literature on AI risks and mitigation strategies that would be relevant for groups considering designing, implementing, and promoting self-governance. We then describe a process for how a diverse group of stakeholders could develop and define standards for promoting trust, as well as AI risk-mitigating practices through greater industry self-governance. We also describe how adherence to such standards could be verified, specifically through certification/accreditation. Self-governance could be encouraged by governments to complement existing regulatory schema or legislative efforts to mitigate AI risks. Greater adoption of industry self-governance could fill a critical gap to construct a more comprehensive approach to the governance of AI solutions than US legislation/regulations currently encompass. In this more comprehensive approach, AI developers, AI users, and government/legislators all have critical roles to play to advance practices that maintain trust in AI and prevent another AI Winter.

scholarly journals Survivors’ Beliefs About the Causes of Sexual Offending: An Australian Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122199877
Author(s):  
Kelly Richards
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Sexual Offending ◽  
Australian Study ◽  
Critical Gap ◽  
Policy Responses

Policies designed to prevent sexual (re)offending are often proposed on behalf of survivors of sexual violence. However, no research has examined survivors’ beliefs about the causes of sexual offending. This is a critical gap, because how individuals understand the causes of sexual offending has long been thought to inform their support for particular policy responses. This article presents findings from the first study to specifically examine survivors’ views about the causes of sexual offending, based on interviews with 33 survivors from Australia. It demonstrates that survivors’ beliefs are highly complex and multifaceted, and destabilizes the uniform survivor of governmental imagination.

Islamic Law and the Environment in Indonesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. Gade
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Environmental Harm ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Critical Gap ◽  
Legal Opinions ◽  
Environmental Messages

Based on research in Indonesia in 2010–2013, this essay explains how Muslims expect norms of Islamic law to mobilize religious response to environmental crisis. It surveys attempts since the 1990s to develop “environmental fiqh (Muslim jurisprudence)” in Indonesia, justified in theory by rationales such as that actions causing environmental harm stem ultimately from human moral failing, and also that human aims and activities, including those protected by Islamic law, require a healthy biosphere. Many Indonesians expect Islamic ecological rulings to fill a critical gap in global persuasion, and to be successful when other (non-religious) environmental messages fail. Considering several key fatwas (non-binding legal opinions given in answer to a question) from the local level to the national in Indonesia, this paper explains how law and “outreach” (Ind. dakwah) come together to cast Islamic law of the environment in terms of foundational causes and ultimate effects. These religious norms coexist with and complement other globalized constructions (such as those of the nation-state and NGOs) that they increasingly incorporate.

scholarly journals Dynamic Modeling of VISSIM's Critical Gap Parameter at Unsignalized Intersections

2013 ◽  
Vol 2395 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Viti ◽  
Bart Wolput ◽  
Chris M. J. Tampère ◽  
Pieter Vandervelden
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Modeling ◽  
Critical Gap ◽  
Unsignalized Intersections ◽  
Gap Parameter

Neural Dysfunction in Postpartum Depression: An fMRI Pilot Study

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 853-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Silverman ◽  
Holly Loudon ◽  
Michal Safier ◽  
Xenia Protopopescu ◽  
Gila Leiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Critical Gap ◽  
Amygdala Activity ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Striatal Function

ABSTRACTIntroduction:With ∼4 million births each year in the United States, an estimated 760,000 women annually suffer from a clinically significant postpartum depressive illness. Yet even though the relationship between psychiatric disorders and the postpartum period has been documented since the time of Hippocrates, fewer than half of all these cases are recognized.Objective:Because postpartum depression (PPD), the most common complication of childbearing, remains poorly characterized, and its etiology remains unclear, we attempted to address a critical gap in the mechanistic understanding of PPD by probing its systems-level neuropathophysiology, in the context of a specific neurobiological model of fronto-limbic-striatal function.Methods:Using emotionally valenced word probes, with linguistic semantic specificity within an integrated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) protocol, we investigated emotional processing, behavioral regulation, and their interaction (functions of clinical relevance to PPD), in the context of fronto-limbic-striatal function.Results:We observed attenuated activity in posterior orbitofrontal cortex for negative versus neutral stimuli with greater PPD symptomatology, increased amygdala activity in response to negative words in those without PPD symptomotology, and attenuated striatum activation to positive word conditions with greater PPD symptomotology.Conclusion:Identifying the functional neuroanatomical profile of brain systems involved in the regulation of emotion and behavior in the postpartum period will not only assist in determining whether the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition psychiatric diagnostic specifier of PPD has an associated, unique, functional neuroanatomical profile, but a neurobiological characterization in relation to asymptomatic (postpartum nondepressed) control subjects, will also increase our understanding of the affective disorder spectrum, shed additional light on the possible mechanism(s) responsible for PPD and provide a necessary foundation for the development of more targeted, biologically based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for PPD.

scholarly journals The Florida Pancreas Collaborative Next-Generation Biobank: Infrastructure to Reduce Disparities and Improve Survival for a Diverse Cohort of Patients with Pancreatic Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 809
Author(s):  
Jennifer Permuth ◽  
Kaleena Dezsi ◽  
Shraddha Vyas ◽  
Karla Ali ◽  
Toni Basinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Pancreatic Tumor ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Critical Gap ◽  
Management Platform ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Computed Tomography Scans ◽  
Donated Blood ◽  
Data Management Platform

Background: Well-annotated, high-quality biorepositories provide a valuable platform to support translational research. However, most biorepositories have poor representation of minority groups, limiting the ability to address health disparities. Methods: We describe the establishment of the Florida Pancreas Collaborative (FPC), the first state-wide prospective cohort study and biorepository designed to address the higher burden of pancreatic cancer (PaCa) in African Americans (AA) compared to Non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) and Hispanic/Latinx (H/L). We provide an overview of stakeholders; study eligibility and design; recruitment strategies; standard operating procedures to collect, process, store, and transfer biospecimens, medical images, and data; our cloud-based data management platform; and progress regarding recruitment and biobanking. Results: The FPC consists of multidisciplinary teams from fifteen Florida medical institutions. From March 2019 through August 2020, 350 patients were assessed for eligibility, 323 met inclusion/exclusion criteria, and 305 (94%) enrolled, including 228 NHW, 30 AA, and 47 H/L, with 94%, 100%, and 94% participation rates, respectively. A high percentage of participants have donated blood (87%), pancreatic tumor tissue (41%), computed tomography scans (76%), and questionnaires (62%). Conclusions: This biorepository addresses a critical gap in PaCa research and has potential to advance translational studies intended to minimize disparities and reduce PaCa-related morbidity and mortality.

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