Codelivery of adjuvants at the primary immunization site is essential for evoking a robust immune response to neoglycoconjugates

Vaccine ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 849-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dodi Safari ◽  
Huberta A. Th. Dekker ◽  
Ger Rijkers ◽  
Harm Snippe
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Primary Immunization ◽  
Robust Immune Response

scholarly journals Development of SARS-CoV-2 Specific IgG and Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies after Infection with Variants of Concern or Vaccination

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 700
Author(s):  
Franziska Neumann ◽  
Ruben Rose ◽  
Janine Römpke ◽  
Olaf Grobe ◽  
Thomas Lorentz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
High Avidity ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Robust Immune Response ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Nucleoprotein N

The humoral immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination was examined. Convalescent sera after infection with variants of concern (VOCs: B.1.1.7, n = 10; B.1.351, n = 1) and sera from 100 vaccinees (Pfizer/BioNTech, BNT162b2, n = 33; Moderna, mRNA-1273, n = 11; AstraZeneca, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222, n = 56) were tested for the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) directed against the viral spike (S)-protein, its receptor-binding domain (RBD), the nucleoprotein (N) and for virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNA). For the latter, surrogate assays (sVNT) and a Vero-cell based neutralization test (cVNT) were used. Maturity of IgG was determined by measuring the avidity in an immunoblot (IB). Past VOC infection resulted in a broad reactivity of anti-S IgG (100%), anti-RBD IgG (100%), and anti-N IgG (91%), while latter were absent in 99% of vaccinees. Starting approximately two weeks after the first vaccine dose, anti-S IgG (75–100%) and particularly anti-RBD IgG (98–100%) were detectable. After the second dose, their titers increased and were higher than in the convalescents. The sVNT showed evidence of VNA in 91% of convalescents and in 80–100%/100% after first/second vaccine dose, respectively. After the second dose, an increase in VNA titer and IgGs of high avidity were demonstrated by cVNT and IB, respectively. Re-vaccination contributes to a more robust immune response.

scholarly journals A Type III-A CRISPR-Cas system employs degradosome nucleases to ensure robust immunity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Chou-Zheng ◽  
Asma Hatoum-Aslan
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Mobile Genetic Elements ◽  
Genetic Elements ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Robust Immune Response ◽  
Functional Assays ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Phage Population

AbstractCRISPR-Cas systems provide sequence-specific immunity against phages and mobile genetic elements using CRISPR-associated nucleases guided by short CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs). Type III systems exhibit a robust immune response that can lead to the extinction of a phage population, a feat coordinated by a multi-subunit effector complex that destroys invading DNA and RNA. Here, we demonstrate that a model Type III system in Staphylococcus epidermidis relies upon the activities of two degradosome-associated nucleases, PNPase and RNase J2, to mount a successful defense. Genetic, molecular, and biochemical analyses reveal that PNPase promotes crRNA maturation, and both nucleases are required for efficient clearance of phage-derived nucleic acids. Furthermore, functional assays show that RNase J2 is essential for immunity against diverse mobile genetic elements originating from plasmid and phage. Altogether, our observations reveal the evolution of a critical collaboration between two nucleic acid degrading machines which ensures cell survival when faced with phage attack.

Engineering and evaluation of amyloid assemblies as a nanovaccine against the Chikungunya virus

Nanoscale ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (41) ◽  
pp. 19547-19556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaryta Babych ◽  
Geneviève Bertheau-Mailhot ◽  
Ximena Zottig ◽  
Jessica Dion ◽  
Laurie Gauthier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antigenic Determinant ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Robust Immune Response ◽  
Self Assembled

A synthetic self-assembled fibrillar nanovaccine decorated with an antigenic determinant from the Chikungunya virus elicits a robust immune response.

Adjuvanted inactivated influenza Vaccine Quadrivalent for Older People

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 398-402
Author(s):  
Daylin Barranco ◽  
Elias B. Chahine
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Older People ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Active Immunization ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Injection Site Pain ◽  
Robust Immune Response ◽  
Site Pain

Advanced age is associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality from influenza. Immunization is the best option to protect individuals against influenza and its complications. Older people are less likely than their younger counterparts to mount an appropriate immune response to influenza vaccines. The adjuvanted inactivated influenza vaccine quadrivalent (aIIV4) is designed to elicit a more robust immune response in older people compared with traditional inactivated influenza vaccines. The aIIV4 is indicated for active immunization against influenza caused by influenza virus subtypes A and types B contained in the vaccine and is licensed by the Food and Drug Administration for use in persons 65 years of age and older. The aIIV4 should be administered by intramuscular injection. Like other influenza vaccines, aIIV4 carries a warning regarding the occurrence of Guillain-Barré syndrome. The most common adverse reactions associated with aIIV4 are injection site pain, fatigue, headache, arthralgia, and myalgia.

scholarly journals Use of Biopolymers in Mucosally-Administered Vaccinations for Respiratory Disease

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret R. Dedloff ◽  
Callie S. Effler ◽  
Alina Maria Holban ◽  
Monica C. Gestal
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Antigen Delivery ◽  
Immune Protection ◽  
Adverse Side Effects ◽  
Robust Immune Response

Communicable respiratory infections are the cause of a significant number of infectious diseases. The introduction of vaccinations has greatly improved this situation. Moreover, adjuvants have allowed for vaccines to be more effective with fewer adverse side effects. However, there is still space for improvement because while the more common injected formulations induce a systematic immunity, they do not confer the mucosal immunity needed for more thorough prevention of the spread of respiratory disease. Intranasal formulations provide systemic and mucosal immune protection, but they have the potential for more serious side effects and a less robust immune response. This review looks at seven different adjuvants—chitosan, starch, alginate, gellan, β-glucan, emulsan and hyaluronic acid—and their prospective ability to improve intranasal vaccines as adjuvants and antigen delivery systems.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Permissive Epitope Insertion Site in Adenovirus Hexon

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 5361-5370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. McConnell ◽  
Xavier Danthinne ◽  
Michael J. Imperiale
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Protective Antigen ◽  
Insertion Site ◽  
Cell Epitope ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Virus Infectivity ◽  
Robust Immune Response

ABSTRACT A robust immune response is generated against components of the adenovirus capsid. In particular, a potent and long-lived humoral response is elicited against the hexon protein. This is due to the efficient presentation of adenovirus capsid proteins to CD4+ T cells by antigen-presenting cells, in addition to the highly repetitive structure of the adenovirus capsids, which can efficiently stimulate B-cell proliferation. In the present study, we take advantage of this immune response by inserting epitopes against which an antibody response is desired into the adenovirus hexon. We use a B-cell epitope from Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA) as a model antigen to characterize hypervariable region 5 (HVR5) of hexon as a site for peptide insertion. We demonstrate that HVR5 can accommodate a peptide of up to 36 amino acids without adversely affecting virus infectivity, growth, or stability. Viruses containing chimeric hexons elicited antibodies against PA in mice, with total immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers reaching approximately 1 × 103 after two injections. The antibody response contained both IgG1 and IgG2a subtypes, suggesting that Th1 and Th2 immunity had been stimulated. Coinjection of wild-type adenovirus and a synthetic peptide from PA produced no detectable antibodies, indicating that incorporation of the epitope into the capsid was crucial for immune stimulation. Together, these results indicate that the adenovirus capsid is an efficient vehicle for presenting B-cell epitopes to the immune system, making this a useful approach for the design of epitope-based vaccines.

scholarly journals Depletion of Complement Has Distinct Effects on the Primary and Secondary Antibody Responses to a Conjugate of Pneumococcal Serotype 14 Capsular Polysaccharide and a T-Cell-Dependent Protein Carrier

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel T. Test ◽  
Joyce K. Mitsuyoshi ◽  
Yong Hu
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Complement Activation ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Primary Immunization ◽  
Protein Carrier ◽  
Dependent Protein

ABSTRACT Complement activation plays a critical role in the immune response to T-cell-dependent and T-cell-independent antigens. However, the effect of conjugation of T-cell-dependent protein carriers to T-cell-independent type 2 antigens on the requirement for complement in the humoral immune response to such antigens remains unknown. We studied the role of complement activation on the antibody response of BALB/c mice immunized with the T-cell-independent type 2 antigen serotype 14 pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (PPS14), either in unmodified form or conjugated to ovalbumin (OVA). In mice immunized with either PPS14 or PPS14-OVA, depletion of endogenous complement at the time of primary immunization by treatment with cobra venom factor (CVF) diminished serum anti-PPS14 concentrations after primary immunization but enhanced antibody responses after secondary immunization. The secondary immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-PPS14 antibody response after immunization with PPS14-OVA was especially enhanced by complement depletion, was observed at doses as low as 0.2 μg of antigen, and was maximal when CVF was administered within 2 days of immunization. The avidity and opsonophagocytic functions of IgG anti-PPS14 antibodies were comparable in mice immunized with PPS14-OVA with or without complement depletion. Serum anti-PPS14 antibody concentrations were near normal, and the enhancing effects of CVF treatment on the secondary anti-PPS14 antibody response were also apparent in splenectomized mice immunized with PPS14-OVA. These results demonstrate that complement activation can have distinct effects on the primary and secondary antibody responses to a T-cell-independent type 2 antigen, either unmodified or conjugated to a T-cell-dependent protein carrier. These differences should be taken into consideration when using complement to modulate the immune response to vaccines.

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