Developing Countries Vaccine Manufacturers Network: Doing good by making high-quality vaccines affordable for all

Vaccine ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. B176-B183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Pagliusi ◽  
Luciana C.C. Leite ◽  
Mahima Datla ◽  
Morena Makhoana ◽  
Yongzhong Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
High Quality

scholarly journals PRIVATIZATION OF PUBLIC ENTERPRISES IN NIGERIA: VALUATION ISSUES AND PROBLEMS

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aluko Bioye Tajudeen
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
Asset Valuation ◽  
Public Enterprises ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Careful Planning ◽  
Valuation Methodology

Privatization of public enterprises is a rapidly growing phenomenon in developing countries. However, it requires a lot of policy decisions and careful planning, which depend on high‐quality accounting and valuation data. But, the major controversy which trailed the first phase of privatization programmes in Nigeria is the asset valuation methodology. This article therefore examines valuation issues and problems besetting divestiture of public enterprises in the country and offers suggestions toward improving upon the quality of asset valuation for privatization.

scholarly journals Biodiversity informatics: managing and applying primary biodiversity data

2004 ◽  
Vol 359 (1444) ◽  
pp. 689-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Soberón ◽  
Townsend Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Biodiversity Informatics ◽  
Biodiversity Data ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Biodiversity Management ◽  
Work Limitations

Recently, advances in information technology and an increased willingness to share primary biodiversity data are enabling unprecedented access to it. By combining presences of species data with electronic cartography via a number of algorithms, estimating niches of species and their areas of distribution becomes feasible at resolutions one to three orders of magnitude higher than it was possible a few years ago. Some examples of the power of that technique are presented. For the method to work, limitations such as lack of high-quality taxonomic determination, precise georeferencing of the data and availability of high-quality and updated taxonomic treatments of the groups must be overcome. These are discussed, together with comments on the potential of these biodiversity informatics techniques not only for fundamental studies but also as a way for developing countries to apply state of the art bioinformatic methods and large quantities of data, in practical ways, to tackle issues of biodiversity management.

Can Good Products Drive Out Bad? A Randomized Intervention in the Antimalarial Medicine Market in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Björkman Nyqvist ◽  
Jakob Svensson ◽  
David Yanagizawa-Drott
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Antimalarial Drugs ◽  
Improve Quality ◽  
Quality Improvements ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Randomized Intervention ◽  
One Year

Abstract How can quality be improved in markets in developing countries, which are known to be plagued by substandard and counterfeit (“fake” , in short) products? We study the market for antimalarial drugs in Uganda, where we randomly assign entry of a retailer (NGO) providing a superior product - an authentic drug priced below the market - and investigate how incumbent firms and consumers respond. We find that the presence of the NGO had economically important effects. Approximately one year after the new market actor entered, the share of incumbent firms selling fake drugs dropped by more than 50% in the intervention villages, with higher quality drugs sold at significantly lower prices. Household survey evidence further shows that the quality improvements were accompanied by consumers expecting fewer fake drugs sold by drug stores. The intervention increased use of the antimalarial drugs overall. The results are consistent with a simple model where the presence of a seller committed to high quality, as opposed to an average firm, strengthens reputational incentives for competing firms to improve quality in order to not be forced out of the market, leading to ‘good driving out bad’.

Mobile Ontologies

2009 ◽  
pp. 2908-2923
Author(s):  
Jari Veijalainen
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Mobile Terminals ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Science Field ◽  
The World ◽  
Systems Architectures ◽  
Special Category

The number of mobile subscribers in the world is soon reaching the three billion mark. According to the newest estimates, majority of the subscribers are already in the developing countries, whereas the number of subscribers in the industrialized countries is about to stagnate around one billion. Because especially in the developing countries the only access to Internet are mobile devices, developing high quality services based on them grows in importance. Ontologies are an important ingredient towards more complicated mobile services and wider usage of mobile terminals. In this article, we first discuss ontology and epistemology concepts in general. After that, we review ontologies in the computer science field and introduce mobile ontologies as a special category of them. It seems reasonable to distinguish between two orthogonal categories, mobile domain ontologies and flowing ontologies. The domain of the former one is in some sense related with mobility, whereas the latter ones are able to flow from computer to computer in the network. We then discuss the creation issues, business aspects, and intellectual property rights (IPR), including patentability of mobile ontologies. We also discuss some basic requirements for computer systems architectures that would be needed to support the usage of mobile ontologies.

Quantitative Study of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Algeria: A Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
Bendjelloul Amina ◽  
Bennekrouf Mohamed ◽  
Kouloughli Sihem
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Recycling Industry

MSWM (Municipal Solid Waste Management) is a challenge in developing countries, especially in Algeria. In this paper, a quantitative analysis is proposed, showing that the collection of recyclable items qualified as a high-quality raw material will build a wide profit. The locations of recycling centers in Algeria were determined for the plastic, paper/cardboard, metal, textile and glass. The annual generated amount of each type of recyclable was defined and finally a range of purchase prices was established to estimate the possible price to sell these products. The purpose was to find the most profitable recyclable material to be collected in order to motivate both the informal sector and the recycling industry to collect recyclables. It was observed that plastic is the most profitable recyclable followed by the paper/cardboard, and then textile.

scholarly journals Fragment-based approaches to TB drugs

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHIARA MARCHETTI ◽  
DANIEL S. H. CHAN ◽  
ANTHONY G. COYNE ◽  
CHRIS ABELL
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Pharmaceutical Development ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Leads ◽  
Significant Mortality

SUMMARYTuberculosis is an infectious disease associated with significant mortality and morbidity worldwide, particularly in developing countries. The rise of antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) urgently demands the development of new drug leads to tackle resistant strains. Fragment-based methods have recently emerged at the forefront of pharmaceutical development as a means to generate more effective lead structures, via the identification of fragment molecules that form weak but high quality interactions with the target biomolecule and subsequent fragment optimization. This review highlights a number of novel inhibitors of Mtb targets that have been developed through fragment-based approaches in recent years.

scholarly journals The supply of high-quality entrepreneurs in developing countries: evidence from Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adedayo O Olofinyehun ◽  
Caleb M Adelowo ◽  
Abiodun A Egbetokun
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
High Quality

scholarly journals Reducing barriers and inequality by hosting conferences in developing countries.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Buttliere
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Currency Exchange ◽  
Currency Exchange Rates ◽  
Economic Barrier

The academic community can promote equality and reduce exclusionary forces by intentionally choosing to host conferences in less well developed and expensive venues. This has the double benefit that those from developing nations do not suffer (as much) from the currency exchange rates, and it actually makes that ‘currency tax’ into a ‘currency benefit’, such that the money’s power is multiplied, providing more for the same money. This simple practice lowers the economic barrier especially for students and scientists in developing nations, it injects stimuli into those developing economies, and it provides high quality foreign experience for everyone, reducing xenophobia and increasing the love of science in especially those places where it is needed most. A proposal that is better for everybody involved should be easily implemented.

scholarly journals 1374International representation of authors, editors and research in neurology journals

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodora Bojanic ◽  
Aidan Tan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
International Research ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
High Quality ◽  
International Research Collaboration ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Published Research

Abstract Background Published research informs international healthcare, yet only a few studies have assessed the representation of authors, editors, and research from developing countries in biomedical journals. Methods We reviewed all research articles published in five high-ranking peer-reviewed neurology journals (The Lancet Neurology, Acta Neuropathologica, Nature Reviews Neurology, Brain and Annals of Neurology) in 2010 and 2019 to determine the extent of contributions of authors, editors and research from developing countries, and the degree of international research collaboration between developed and developing countries. Results First authorship was attributed to authors from developing countries in only 2% (11/729) of research articles in 2010 and 3% (19/647) of research articles in 2019. All 144 editorial board members in 2019 were from developed countries. International research collaboration between developing and developed countries accounted for only 4% (30/729) of all research articles in 2010 and 6% (40/647) of all research articles in 2019. Conclusions Representation of authors, editors and research from developing countries is rare in high-ranking peer-reviewed neurology journals, and this has not improved over the past decade. Supporting high quality and contextually appropriate biomedical research now is necessary for developing countries to meet the rising healthcare needs of their populations in the future. Key messages Published research should reflect the diversity of global health. There is an urgent need for strategies to support high quality and contextually appropriate biomedical research in developing countries.

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