Childhood vaccination timeliness following maternal migration to an informal urban settlement in Kenya

Vaccine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. Porth ◽  
Abram L. Wagner ◽  
Emily Treleaven ◽  
Nancy L. Fleischer ◽  
Martin K. Mutua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Vaccination Timeliness

scholarly journals Vaccine hesitancy among caregivers and association with childhood vaccination timeliness in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2340-2347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina B. Masters ◽  
Yemesrach A. Tefera ◽  
Abram L. Wagner ◽  
Matthew L. Boulton
Keyword(s):  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Vaccination Timeliness

scholarly journals Timeliness of routine childhood vaccination in low- and middle-income countries, 1978–2021: Protocol for a scoping review to map methodologic gaps and determinants

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253423
Author(s):  
Oghenebrume Wariri ◽  
Uduak Okomo ◽  
Yakubu Kevin Kwarshak ◽  
Kris A. Murray ◽  
Chris Grundy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Routine Childhood ◽  
Vaccination Timeliness ◽  
Google Search ◽  
Full Search ◽  
Low And Middle Income

The literature on the timeliness of childhood vaccination (i.e. vaccination at the earliest appropriate age) in low-and middle-income countries has important measurement and methodological issues that may limit their usefulness and cross comparison. We aim to conduct a comprehensive scoping review to map the existing literature with a key focus on how the literature on vaccination timeliness has evolved, how it has been defined or measured, and what determinants have been explored in the period spanning the last four decades. This scoping review protocol was developed based on the guidance for scoping reviews from the Joanna Briggs Institute. We will include English and French language peer-reviewed publications and grey literature on the timeliness of routine childhood vaccination in low-and middle-income countries published between January 1978 through to 2021. A three-step search strategy that involves an initial search of two databases to refine the keywords, a full search of all included electronic databases, and screening of references of previous studies for relevant articles missing from our full search will be employed. The search will be conducted in five electronic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, CINAHL and Web of Science. Google search will also be conducted to identify relevant grey literature on vaccination timeliness. All retrieved titles from the search will be imported into Endnote X9.3.3 (Clarivate Analytics) and deduplicated. Two reviewers will screen the titles, abstracts and full texts of publications for eligibility using Rayyan–the web based application for screening articles for systematic reviews. Using a tailored data extraction template, we will extract relevant information from eligible studies. The study team will analyse the extracted data using descriptive statistical methods and thematic analysis. The results will be presented using tables, while charts and maps will be used to aid the visualisation of the key findings and themes. The proposed review will generate evidence on key methodological gaps in the literature on timeliness of childhood vaccination. Such evidence would shape the direction of future research, and assist immunisation programme managers and country-level stakeholders to address the needs of their national immunisation system.

scholarly journals Vaccination timeliness and associated factors among children aged 12-23 months in northwest Ethiopia: community-based study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bekalu Endalew ◽  
Ayal Debie ◽  
Lake Yazachew
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
P Value ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Community Based ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vaccination Timeliness

Abstract Background: vaccines are the most effective preventive and success of public health to control and eradicate serious childhood diseases. Timely childhood vaccination can help for children to develop antibody against vaccine preventable diseases. Evidences on childhood vaccination timeliness, however, there are limited in developing countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing vaccination timeliness and associated factors among children aged 12 to 23 months in Jabitehnan district, northwest Ethiopia.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Jabitehnan district from February to March 2020. A total of 548 children aged 12-23 months were included using multi-stage and simple random sampling technique. Binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with vaccination timeliness. Adjusted odd ratio (AOR) with 95% CI and p-value less than 0.05 were used to declare statistically significant variables. Results: A total of 13.1% (95 % CI: 10.1-15.8) of children were received childhood vaccines in the recommended time interval. Higher level of maternal education (AOR: 2.73; 95% CI: 1.14-6.50), history of abortion (AOR: 3.45; 95%CI: 1.54-7.74), knowledge (AOR: 1.79; 95%CI: 1.10-3.18) and favorable attitude (AOR: 3.38; 95%CI: 1.83-6.24) were positively associated with vaccination timeliness. While home delivery (AOR: O.35; 95%CI: 0.18-0.68) and rural residence (AOR: 0.31; 95%CI: 0.14-0.65) were negatively associated. Conclusion: The overall childhood vaccination timeliness status was low in the study area. Children were received the first dose of vaccines within the recommended time relatively higher than the other doses/vaccines. Moreover, children were received measles vaccine earlier and BCG vaccine later than the acceptable time interval. Variables such as residence, maternal level of education, having history of abortion, place of delivery, knowledge and attitudes were affecting vaccination timeliness. Therefore, the policy planners and managers should give emphasis and incorporate vaccination timeliness in the childhood vaccination plan, and better to monitor and evaluate as one potential indicator to enhance the immune status of children. Health planners and managers should also improve women’s awareness to enhance their attitude towards childhood vaccination. Furthermore, it is better to promote institutional delivery service utilization to enhance childhood vaccination timeliness.

Smart Cities: Necessity and Development Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
L. V. Shkvarya ◽  
A. S. Semenov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
First Century ◽  
Quality Improvements ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
High Technologies

In the twenty-first century different countries and cities are increasingly seeking to introduce quality improvements in their livelihoods, generate for its residents an environment that is called “smart city” on the basis of high technologies. The article shows that the emergence of a “smart” city is an objective necessity due to the rapid growth of cities in the present and in the future. “Smart” city is designed to solve life problems in cities and create conditions for the socio-economic development of cities and countries, and for a favorable stay of residents on its territory. There are a number of strategies to implement the concept of “smart”, but it is important for each urban settlement to develop its own approaches and projects.

Retrospect of Settlement Pattern in Yakutia Based on Analysis of Population Censuses

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 39-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Gavrilyeva ◽  
E. A. Kolomak ◽  
A. I. Zakharov ◽  
K. V. Khorunova
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Settlement Pattern ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Rural Settlement ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Settlement System ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Rural And Urban

The article assesses the intensity of transformation of settlement pattern in Yakutia, the largest northern region of Russia, based on an analysis of 1939-2010 censuses and contemporary statistics. Scope of the work includes the following: to assess key socio-economic results of rural and urban settlement pattern transformation in the 20th century, to determine the most persistent primary units of settlement pattern, and to identify current trends in the settlement pattern of Yakutia. The research database was built based on digitization of Federal State Statistics Service in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) population censuses archives. The period under review shows a trend toward larger size of settlements due to two parallel processes: urbanization as a result of industrial development, and compression of rural settlement system due to amalgamation of rural settlements. From 1939 to the present time, Yakutia’s settlement system has been evolving from dispersed type to large settlement type. There were two major waves in the structuring of space in Yakutia. During the first one, caused by industrialization and complete collectivization, shrinking of rural settlement system was accompanied by setup of rural and urban settlements; it started in the 1930s and lasted until late 1950s. The second wave, concurrent with controlled compression of rural settlement pattern as part of elimination of unpromising sovkhoz state farms, was associated with a full-scale development of urban settlement pattern under planned Soviet deployment. Starting from 2002, market mechanisms have changed the direction of development of settlement system and spatial structure of economic activity. Despite several constraints, which include high transportation costs, focal development, key role of mining and resource sector, distinctive features of traditional economies and agriculture, agglomeration processes have gained momentum in the region. Spatial concentration of population is taking place at relatively high rates, primarily in the core of the system - Yakutsk agglomeration. Compression capacity of settlement system in the region is far from being exhausted, as evidenced by behavior of Theil and Herfindahl-Hirschman indices, as well as by average population density of settlements.

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