Development of an egg hatch assay for the detection of anthelmintic resistance to albendazole in Fasciola hepatica isolated from sheep

The efficacy of Albendazole against trichostrongyle nematode parasites in goats presented for slaughter at the Nsukka municipal abattoir was evaluated using the In vitro Egg hatch assay (EHA) model. The abattoir was visited once every week for 4 consecutive months during which a total of 240 goats were sampled. Fecal samples were collected per rectum from a minimum of 15 goats on each day of the visit. Egg Hatch Assay was performed on strongyle eggs recovered from pooled faecal sample on each day of sampling with a 2.5% W/V Albendazole. Faecal culture was also set up from the pooled faecal sample on each sampling day to recover and identify the nematode parasites present in the goats. Among the 240 goats sampled, the prevalence of trichostrongylosis as observed by the presence of strongyle eggs was 94.6% (227/240). Faecal culture and larval identification revealed 69.8% of the strongyles as Haemonchus contortus, while 25.5 and 4.8% were Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Oesophagostomum species respectively. In the EHA, Albendazole had mean LC50 value of 0.16 µg/ml which is slightly in excess of the discriminating dose of 0.1µg/ml as prescribed by the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) as an indication of anthelmintic resistance. There is therefore an urgent need to screen the nematode parasite population in the Nigeria for the presence Albendazole resistance genes. Key words: GI nematode; egg hatch assay; goat; Albendazole; Resistance; Nigeria

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Evaluation of the Egg Hatch Assay and the Larval Migration Inhibition Assay to detect anthelmintic resistance in cattle parasitic nematodes on farms

Parasitology International ◽

10.1016/j.parint.2012.06.003 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 614-618 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Janina Demeler ◽

Nina Kleinschmidt ◽

Ursula Küttler ◽

Regine Koopmann ◽

Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna

Keyword(s):

Anthelmintic Resistance ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Inhibition Assay ◽

Migration Inhibition ◽

Egg Hatch ◽

Larval Migration ◽

Egg Hatch Assay

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Development of an egg hatch assay for the diagnosis of triclabendazole resistance in Fasciola hepatica: Proof of concept

Veterinary Parasitology ◽

10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.07.023 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 183 (3-4) ◽

pp. 249-259 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

I. Fairweather ◽

D.D. McShane ◽

L. Shaw ◽

S.E. Ellison ◽

N.T. O’Hagan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

Egg Hatch ◽

Egg Hatch Assay ◽

Triclabendazole Resistance

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Oxfendazole Resistance in Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Beetal Goats at Livestock Farms of Punjab (Pakistan)

Acta Veterinaria Brno ◽

10.2754/avb200776010079 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 76 (1) ◽

pp. 79-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

M. Saeed ◽

Z. Iqbal ◽

A. Jabbar

Keyword(s):

Anthelmintic Resistance ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Egg Hatch ◽

Treatment Frequency ◽

Contributory Factors ◽

Reduction Test ◽

Egg Hatch Assay

This study was carried out to screen goat farms for anthelmintic resistance (AR) against oxfendazole (OXF) and to determine contributory factors for its development. For this purpose, Beetal goat farms (n = 18) were randomly selected, with natural mixed gastrointestinal nematodosis infection. In vivo (faecal egg count reduction test) and in vitro (egg hatch assay) tests were used to ascertain the presence of AR while a scorecard was used to determine the role of possible contributory factors for oxfendazole resistance. For in vivo test, the experimental animals were divided into two groups of 10 animals each; one group received OXF treatment, while the other served as control. Pre- and post-treatment coproculture was performed to identify the species and genera of nematodes. Egg hatch assay (EHA) was used to confirm the results of FECRT. Fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) revealed the development of resistance on six farms and post-treatment larval cultures indicated Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Cooperia curticei, Teladorsagia circumcincta and Oesophagostomum spp. as dominant species with resistance. Furthermore, EHA confirmed the results of FECRT. Among the presumptive factors for AR, the highest composite score was for rotation of anthelmintics followed by treatment frequency, dose rate and nature of medication. The scorecard for the development of AR, used in this study, may be helpful for the assessment of contributory factors of AR.

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